8.2 
AMERICAN GEOLOGY. 
of the rocks to which they are subordinate. Another belt of 
the same character lies w T est of the Highlands, extending south 
through Orange county into Sussex county, New Jersey. In 
all these belts it is accompanied with serpentine, and in all 
these localities the rock is massive or only obscurely laminated. 
At Franklin furnace, franklinite and the red oxide of zinc are 
largely developed in this rock. 
In Chester and Lancaster counties, Pennsylvania, this rock 
is very common. It contains serpentine, chondrodite, pyrox¬ 
ene, sphene, zircon, quartz, amphibole, corundum, graphite, &c. 
This rock is white crystalline, and contains carbonate of mag¬ 
nesia in many of the localities which have been cited. It lies 
in wedge-form masses, and disappears after being apparent at 
the surface for a few miles. It occurs in belts, whose direc¬ 
tion is southwest and northeast. 
Passing into Virginia, ranges of limestone skirt the eastern 
base of the Blue ridge, one of which passes through Albe¬ 
marle county. They may be regarded as forming several 
subordinate belts between Lynchburg on the west, and the 
region of the marls on the east. They are composed of oblong 
or wedge-form masses, as in Pennsylvania. They are confined 
to the shistose and laminated rocks, as talcose and mica slate 
and hornblende. These beds are exposed to a much greater 
extent than at many other sections of the state, in consequence 
of the winding of the rivers which intersect the formations. In 
North Carolina the limestone rocks are extremely rare; two 
ranges, however, traverse the state from northeast to south¬ 
west. Beginning in Stokes county, it is found crossing the 
Yadkin, passing onward to Lincolnton in the direction of Kings 
mountain into South Carolina. Another belt belongs to the 
Blue ridge, and has been observed in Burke and Marion 
counties, Buncombe and Hayward counties. 
The ranges of pyrocrystalline limestone which have been 
very briefly, and probably imperfectly, traced through Pennsyl¬ 
vania, Virginia, and North Carolina, belong to the laminated 
and schistose rocks; and they are less coarse and crystalline 
