CHARACTER OF THE METALLIFEROUS VEINS. 
149 
parts of the vein are represented. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are the parts of 
the dykes which appear to have produced shifts in the vein, or 
rather the irregularities, we may suppose, in the anticlinal axis 
are due to their presence. The dyke No. 1, is twenty-seven feet 
thick, and in tunneling it was proposed to cut it along this dyke. 
The cost of tunneling was five dollars per linear foot, with an 
adit six feet high and five feet wide. 
A vein at the outcrop sometimes has a less dip than in the 
earth; and when the vein is flat, as it may be, the inexperienced 
are very likely to overestimate the width of the vein. The 
A.veril vein at Clinton prison, was nearly flat for forty feet. It 
had been worked from its easterly outcrop to the west, and 
along its strike about one or two hundred feet in length. 
At a point about forty feet to the west, it showed at first, an 
inclination to the west, and then began to dip more rapidly— 
when uncovering it still farther west, the hanging wall was 
discovered. For more than forty feet this wall had been remov¬ 
ed, having a flat mass of ore from fifteen to twenty feet thick. 
The position of the vein was calculated to deceive those who 
were or might be interested in the property respecting the quan¬ 
tity of ore at this mine, or- near the surface. 
The illustrations and remarks which I have made respecting 
the iron ores of Northern New York, are applicable to all those 
which lie upon the base of the Appalachian range, from north 
to south. I have already referred to the numerous veins of this 
ore, and have spoken in general of its value and extent. The 
resources for the supply of iron in this country have never been 
properly estimated. We may, however, expect that for the 
future the attention to the manufacture of iron will be turned 
more exclusively to our means and resources, and that necessity, 
as well as interest, will soon establish for the iron manufacture 
what has already been established for cotton. 
The iron ore of the western part of Essex county, N. Y., lies 
in immense beds, or rather constitutes rocks of no mean extent. 
We are unable to discover that it is enclosed in regular walls, 
though rock bearing a resemblance to walls is often encountered 
