GOLD-BEARING ROCKS. 
155 
ever, embracing the Canadas, New England, New York, and 
Northwestern States, as far south as Cincinnati, diluvial action 
has removed the loose materials south, southeast and south- 
westward. Hence the hematites are buried deeply in drift, 
often having been lodged in protected positions. The bog ores 
are accumulations of the hydrous peroxide of iron in swampy 
depressions. Instances of bog ore upon hillsides and in dry 
places, are not exceptions to this statement: they are beds 
which have been elevated by subterranean forces. Examples 
of this kind occur in Jefferson county, New York. They con¬ 
tain the leaves, trunks, and roots of trees now living. In the 
neighborhood of the elevated beds of bog ore the rocks have 
immense pot holes; and connecting these facts, the conclusion 
is forced upon ua, that the country has been elevated during 
the modern period. Bog ore is also formed from the decompo¬ 
sition of the sulphuret of iron, which is disseminated in rocks 
which undergo disintegration and decomposition. Water bears 
the materials into the depressions, where, in time, thick beds 
accumulate. 
THE GOLD-BEARING ROCKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
§ 93. In this country, both in its mining districts and in its 
general geology, we have sought to discover and make out 
similitudes or analogies with Europe, rather than to discover 
the grouping and relations of our rocks, minerals, and fossils- 
Our attempts have been made rather to compel facts to bow 
and obey what has been represented to exist abroad, rather 
than to give them the independence they deserved, or to 
honor them by the deductions they sustain. Our gold, copper, 
and lead are associated with minerals differing from those of 
Cornwall or the Hartz. Our copper of lake Superior has no 
parallel in European mines. Every day’s experience proves 
that the metals have associations more general than has been 
represented; that they are by no means confined to one rock 
and one geological position. It has been supposed that the 
