KASHAN. 
161 
needless to dwell upon every particular again, and I will therefore proceed 
at once to Kashan, of which I made but little mention in my last jour¬ 
nal, and which we had time to see at our leisure, as we remained there 
from the 27th to the 31st of October. 
This city is situated in 34° 0' 33" N. lat. by a mean of 3 observations 
taken during our stay there. It is about the circumference of Shiraz, 
and surrounded by a dry ditch, but its walls are in such decay, that ap¬ 
parently they could not stand an hour’s battering. Around it are ex¬ 
tensive plantations of mulberry trees, for silk worms, which however 
do not yield sufficient silk for the supply of its manufactures, and the 
deficiency is made up from Ghilan. We remarked a greater appearance 
of bustle and business here, than we had seen even at Ispahan, fior 
besides silk, a great trade is carried on in copper ware. The 
mines near Sivas supply the Kashan manufacturers with copper, 
which they receive by way of Arze Roum and Tabriz, and which they 
manufacture into all sorts of utensils, and in such numbers as to 
supply the whole of Persia. They sell their copper ware by the weight, 
one maun of which (7| lbs.) was worth 15 reals or about \l, 10s. The most 
convenient article which they manufacture is a portable set of cooking 
utensils, that form a nest, the different pieces of which from 20 to 50 
in number, are contrived to go all within the compass of one pot. They 
are used by all travellers in Persia, where every man is obliged to carry 
his own establishment. Their lanterns also are worthy of notice from 
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