PREFACE 
The Council of the Royal Astronomical Society, the 
authorities of the Lick Observatory, California, U.S.A., and 
the authorities of the Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin, U.S.A., 
kindly gave me permission to reproduce photographs published 
by them. 
Dr Arthur Smith Woodward, F.R.S., Keeper of Geology 
at the British Museum (Natural History), examined many 
of the rough sketches and finished drawings made for this book, 
and favoured me with some useful suggestions for which I 
feel very grateful. Dr Smith Woodward also kindly gave me 
leave to reproduce restorations made by him of ancient fishes. 
Dr C. W. Andrews, of the British Museum (Natural 
History), in the kindest way gave Miss Alice Woodward the 
benefit of his valuable advice in her drawings of Pteranodon, 
Mteritherium, Pal<eomastodon, Arsinoitherium, Tetrabelodon, and 
Diprotodon. 
Baron Nopcsa, who has made a special study of Polacanthus, 
gave Miss Woodward some valuable help in her drawing of 
that curious dinosaur. Dr W. J. Holland, Director of the 
Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg, U.S.A., very kindly helped 
her with some particulars for the drawing of Diplodocus 
Carnegiei, And in her pictures of marine life she had the 
great benefit of the well-informed advice of her father, 
Dr Henry Woodward, F.R.S., author of monographs on 
"Crustacea" in the Encyclopedia Britannica, and of numerous 
articles on "Crustacea" and "Fossil Insecta" in the Quarterly 
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