HRDMCKA] DISCOVERIES ATTRIBUTED TO EARLY MAN 41 
irregularity and old disturbances. Sellards, however, regards every 
thing above layer 1 as layer 2 except the muck deposits of the 
stream beds. 
Above the dark portion of layer 2 conditions differ. In that part 
of the southern bank which represents the bed of the southern 
affluent or extension of Van Valtenberg Creek it is overlaid in 
great unconformity by black, in places fresh-looking, muck, in 
which lie partially rotted, partially still well-preserved, trunks and 
roots of trees, and in which occur also smaller or larger patches of 
loose white sand, or sand and marl, or shell detritus, that in cross 
section give the deposit an appearance of partial, irregular lamina 
tion or stratification. This is layer 3 of Sellards. It or its sandy 
&quot; pockets &quot; have also yielded numerous fossils of vertebrates of for 
the greater part extinct species. 
Along the remaining parts of the southern bank layer 2 is covered 
by lighter compact nonindurated alluvial sands, which reach to near 
the surface. This layer is pierced from above by many roots, but 
contains no muck. It has yielded a few veterbrate fossils. 
This layer in turn is overlaid in certain areas if not generally by 
fresh-water marl of uneven thickness. So far as seen by the writer 
the thickness of this marl ranges from a few to perhaps as many as 
10 inches, but the lower portions merge so gradually into the de 
posits beneath that the exact limits of either are hard to determine. 
Wherever a fresh cut was made into this marl along the new ex 
posures made under the writer s direction, it was found to be of 
the consistency of fresh mortar; in older exposures, however, the 
marl is &quot; set &quot; or hardened, though even where well consolidated it 
hardly deserves to be classed as solid rock or stone in the ordinary 
meaning of these terms. This layer of marl, W 7 here it exists, with a 
dusting of white wind-blown sand and the low, thick vegetation, 
forms the surface of the ground. 
The foregoing is a general nontechnical view of the deposits at 
Yero, more particularly in the southern bank of the canal, as 
observed by the writer in about 160 feet of fresh exposures made 
under his direction. It agrees essentially with the descriptions pub 
lished by Dr. Sellards, with the few exceptions noted. Though 
the points of difference are of no great consequence the writer could 
only feel that too much weight has been given to the &quot; rock &quot; in 
layer 2, as well as to that on the surface, and to the &quot; stratification &quot; 
of the muck deposits. 
HISTORY OF THE FINDS 
An account of the circumstances of the various finds of human 
remains in the Vero deposits has been given by Dr. Sellards, and 
