HRDLICKA] DISCOVERIES ATTRIBUTED TO EARLY MAN 19 
the well-known Rancho La Brea fauna is found through the absence of the 
great wolf, saber tooth, sloth, small antelope, camel, and many o.ther mammals 
and birds abundantly represented in the typical Rancho La Brea deposits. 
The. only extinct form certainly recognized in the material from the two 
chimneys is Teratornis, a gigantic condorlike bird, as yet known only from 
Rancho La Brea, and recognized by Dr. L. H. Miller in this collection. Bones 
of this bird were found in a narrow portion of the north chimney at a depth 
of about 4 feet, and considerably above some of the human remains. As nearly 
as one can judge from the evidence at hand, there seems a reasonable chance 
that the giant Teratornis was a contemporary of the human being \vhose re 
mains appear in the north chimney of pit 10. The evidence does not present 
clear proof in favor of this view, but appears to balance in that direction. 
The extinct California peacock and two other extinct species are doubtfully 
reported from the north chimney, but there is doubt as to their having been 
introduced in the same manner as the other bones making up the fauna. 
A small collection found near the upper end of the north chimney contains 
a number of birds, which, according to Dr. Miller, are quite different from 
those certainly known from the two chimneys. The matrix in which this small 
collection was found is also different from that in the chimneys. It seems 
probable that these specimens really represent an older fauna embedded in a 
relatively ancient deposit through or near which the north chimney passed. 
A portion of the lower jaw of a young horse found at a depth of about 5 feet 
and near the Teratornis in the north chimney is more slender than any lower 
jaw of the common extinct horse found in the typical Rancho La Brea fauna. 
The writer has not, however, compared it with fossil specimens of exactly the 
same individual stage of development. In slenderness it approaches more 
closely the jaw of the existing domestic horse. The space between the back 
teeth and front teeth seems shorter than that in the domestic horse, and is of 
nearly the same length as in the extinct species from Rancho La Brea. A more 
careful study of immature specimens from Raiicho La Brea in comparison 
with very young modern horses w r ill be necessary before one can speak authori 
tatively with reference to the specific determination of this specimen. It will 
be very interesting to know whether this is an extinct species which lived ill 
California until a comparatively recent time and was contemporaneous with 
man, but became extinct before this country was visited by white men. The 
alternative hypothesis is that it represents the colt of a modern horse which 
fell into the pit within the last century and a half. 
The fact that the fauna from the two chimneys is nearly or quite identical 
with that of the present day, while the typical Rancho La Brea fauna differs 
greatly and shows close resemblance to the life of the earth at a remote time, 
makes it evident that the fauna represented in the chimneys of pit 10 pertains 
to a period much later than that in which the typical Rancho La Brea animals 
lived. The collection from the chimneys represents a time so clo^e to the 
present that the types of life were nearly the same as those in the region at 
the present day. The giant Teratornis, and possibly several other extinct forms 
in this fauna, may indicate that the asphalt in these chimneys was trapping 
animals at a time removed by some thousands of years from the present. On 
the other hand, it may be that these species were living here within historic 
time. A third possibility is that the bones of such extinct species as are found 
here have been removed in some w r ay from an older deposit and found a resting 
place in the chimneys in comparatively recent time. Still more remote is a 
fourth possibility that in Pleistocene time these chimneys connected with an 
open pool far above the present surface of the ground ; that bones of a few 
