HRDLlCKA] 
DISCOVERIES ATTRIBUTED TO EARLY MAN 
57 
and 3.55 cm. in minimum breadth; the form of the bone is strictly 
modern; the muscular impressions are well marked. The tooth 
which evidently belongs to this skeleton is the left median upper 
incisor. It is of moderate size, the total original length not hav 
ing exceeded 2.3 cm. ; the root dorsally and in median line measures 
1.3 cm. The crown is worn down to about one-half its original size, 
so it is difficult to determine the original form of its buccarl surface, 
but it is seen that this was somewhat concave or shovel shaped, as in 
Indians, though the concavity was probably less pronounced than in 
most members of the race. There are, however, full-blood Indians 
in whom this concavity is slight and in rare cases it is entirely absent. 
The femora are strong, with normal curves, and not pilasteric. 
The location of the minor trochanter is exactly as in modern bones, 
which is important. There is a fairly large third trochanter, but 
this is a feature which is found in both whites and Indians and has 
little if any racial or evolutionary significance. A characteristic 
which speaks strongly for these femora being Indian is the marked 
flattening of the shaft below the trochanters; in whites this flattening 
is generally less pronounced. The dimensions of the bones, which 
show in the main how closely the Vero man represented by the skele 
ton under consideration resembled in development the modern Indian, 
are as follows : 
Measurements of the Femora 
Vero Skele 
ton II. 
Average 
male. 
Florida. 
Munsee. 
Sioux. 
U.S. 
whites. 
Right. 
Left. 
At middle: 
Diain. ant. post cm. . 
2.9 
2.8 
3.02 
2.91 
3.15 
2.95 
Diam. lat cm. . 
Index . 
2.7 
93.1 
2.7 
96.4 
2.69 
89.1 
2.58 
89.0 
f.79 
88. 6 
2.85 
96.8 
At upper flattening: 
Diam. maximum cm.. 
3.5 
3.36 
3.28 
3.55 
2.97 
Diam. minimum cm. . 
Index. 

2.3 
65.7 
2.51 
74.7 
2.37 
7 A. 4 
2.66 
75.0 
2.39 
80.3 
So much for groups ; but there are in larger series of Indian femora 
individual specimens that practically duplicate in measurements that 
from the Vero deposits. 
The JiumeruS) even more if possible than any of the other bones, is 
Indian in type. It is strong without being massive. The septum 
shows a medium-sized perforation; these perforations occur in all 
