A NEOLITHIC COMMUNITY OF KENT 9 
to have been about 5 feet 4J inches (i-6oo m.), and 
that of the women about 5 feet i inch {I'S^l m-)- They 
were thus 2 or 3 inches below our modern British 
average. In size of brain they were apparently not below 
our standard. Indeed, the three male skulls had a 
capacity of 1600 cubic centimetres — an amount consider- 
ably above the mean for modern men — 1480 c.c. ; the 
two female skulls had a capacity of 1450 c.c, which is 
also above the modern mean for women — 1300 c.c. No 
importance can be attached to figures founded on a group 
of five skulls ; in every race, ancient and modern, the 
brain is found to vary widely as regards size. Such 
observations as those just cited simply show us that 
Neolithic man, as regards brain size, had at least reached 
our modern standard. 
It is also quite apparent that the Neolithic men in this 
part of England did not depart very widely from their 
modern successors as regards form of face and head. 
How near those Coldrum skulls come to modern 
specimens will be seen from fig. 4. I have taken one of 
the Coldrum specimens and set it, as seen in true profile, 
within a standard frame which bounds the chief limits 
of a modern Englishman's skull of mean size. The 
dimensions actually used are founded on the measure- 
ments made by Dr MacdonelP on a large number of 
plague-pit skulls (seventeenth century) exhumed in the 
East End of London some years ago. Dr Macdonell 
determined the mean length of the male skulls to be 
189-1 mm.; I have made the length of the standard 
frame in round numbers, 190 mm. — just under J^ 
inches. The width he found to be 1407 mm.; again 
I have taken round numbers and made it 140 mm. 
The width is approximately 74 per cent, of the length. 
Any race of men in which the width of the head measures 
75 per cent, of the length, or less, we count long-headed 
or dolichocephalic ; if the width is 80 per cent, or more 
of the length, then the race falls into the short-headed or 
brachycephalic group ; the races falling above 75 per cent., 
1 Biometrika^ 1904, vol. iii. p. 191. 
