A NEOLITHIC COMMUNITY OF KENT ii 
people of the industrial class ; but they do differ from 
a sample of the Kentish people who lived at Hythe, on 
the southern coast of Kent, in mediaeval times. During 
the last few years my friend, Prof. F. G. Parsons,^ has 
done much to unravel the evolution of the modern 
Englishman. In the crypt of the church at Hythe, he 
examined nearly five hundred skulls of people who lived 
in mediaeval times. The heads of those Hythe people 
were differently shaped from the Neolithic people of 
Coldrum. They were shorter and broader and higher ; 
the maximum length of the males was only 179 mm., 
the width 142 mm., the height 120 mm., the cephalic 
index 79-9 per cent. The mediaeval people of Hythe 
are on the border-line of the- short-headed class. In 
accounting for the difference in head form between 
Neolithic and mediaeval people, one has to remember that 
in the Bronze age typical round-headed people invaded 
Kent, and at later dates, during the Roman occupation, 
and also during the Anglo-Saxon invasion, many fresh 
racial elements were imported into the population of this 
county. 
I am lingering round this small group of Coldrum 
people because they have to serve as a standard for our 
subsequent inquiries regarding the bodily features of 
ancient races of men. When a skull is viewed in full 
face (fig. 4) we have an opportunity of standardising 
its dimensions as seen from that point of view. The 
greatest width of the face is measured between the cheek 
or zygomatic arches. The width of the face of the male 
Whitechapel skulls is 130 mm. ; that we shall use as a 
standard width. The width of the forehead is also 
important. The lower width is taken between the outer 
ends of the ridge which crosses the forehead above the 
orbits — from the outer end of one external angular 
process to the outer end of the opposite process. The 
upper width (indicated by a stippled line in fig. 4) is 
taken between the temporal lines which bound the areas 
' See Joiirn. Anthrop. Instit.^ 1908, vol. xxxviii. p. 419; also 1910, 
vol. Ix. p. 483. 
