LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
XIX 
FIG. I'AGE 
i6i. Inner aspect of the right half of the Pihdown mandible con- 
trasted with the corresponding view of the right half of the 
mandible of a young adult female chimpanzee . . 434 
162. The ascending branch of a series of lower jaws, viewed from 
behind 438 
163. Side view of the lower jaw and mandibular joint in a modern 
skull 441 
164. Drawing of the left half of a female chimpanzee's mandible — 
represented in both the opened and closed positions — to 
show the mechanism of the temporomandibular joint of a 
man of the Neanderthal type (La Chapelle) .... 443 
165. (A) Lower jaw of a female chimpanzee, which has been set so 
that the upper surfaces of the three molar teeth are in a 
horizontal plane; (B) Reconstruction of the mandible of 
Eoanthropus on chimpanzee lines, and supplied with con- 
dyles of the chimpanzee type ....... 446 
166. (A) The original reconstruction of the mandible of Eoanthro- 
pus, viewed at right angles to the plane of the molar teeth ; 
(B) Similar view of a reconstruction by the Author . . 447 
167. (A) View from above of the Heidelberg mandible ; (B) Similar 
view of a mandible of a modern Englishman . . . . 449 
168. (A) True profile drawing of the model of the Piltdown man- 
dible and teeth reconstructed under the direction of Dr 
Smith Woodward ; (B) A reconstruction by the writer . . 454 
169. The right lower canine tooth found at Piltdown compared with 
the corresponding tooth of man and of anthropoids . . 457 
170. Skull of a child, dissected to show the roots of the milk teeth 
and the crowns of the permanent canines in process of 
development 460 
171. (A) The form of contact between the lower and upper teeth of 
a native Tasmanian ; (B) The form of contact in a female 
chimpanzee 464 
172. The development of the canine teeth in an Australian native, 
a female chimpanzee, a male chimpanzee, and in a male 
gorilla 466 
173. (A) Profile of the mandible and lower teeth of Eoanthropus, as 
reconstructed by the writer ; (B) Similar view of the man- 
dible and lower teeth of a female chimpanzee . . . 468 
174. Tracings from skiagrams of the lower molars of a female 
gorilla and of a female chimpanzee 474 
175. Skiagrams of the three lower molars of a modern European, 
of Eoanthropus, of a Krapina (Neanderthal) individual, and 
of the Heidelberg man 475 
176. Reconstruction of the face of Eoanthropus as seen in profile . 480 
