LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xvii 
AGE 
126. Showing the framework of Hnes on which the right and left 
halves of a skull are reconstructed from fragments . . . 361 
127. Showing the manner in which the left temporal bone is placed 
in position, and the left half of the skull built up (i) in the 
test skull, (2) in the Piltdown skull 362 
128. Reconstructions of the Piltdown and test skulls viewed from 
behind, to show the application and fit of the occipital 
fragments 363 
129. View of the reconstruction and of the original test skull . . 364 
130. Occipital view of Dr Smith Woodward's original reconstruction 
of the Piltdown skull contrasted with a reconstruction 
carried out according to the identifications of the middle line 
by Professor Elliot Smith ....... 365 
131. Drawing of the vault of the test skull, with a corresponding 
drawing of the reconstruction ....... 367 
132. Reconstructions of the Piltdown and test skulls viewed from 
above 368 
133. Drawing of the upper aspect of the Piltdown skull as recon- 
structed by Dr Smith Woodward, and a reconstruction based 
on the identification of the middle line by Professor Elliot 
Smith ........... 370 
134. Skull of a young female chimpanzee viewed from above . -371 
135. (A) The vault of a Neanderthal skull, showing the simian form 
of eyebrow ridges ; (B) The vault of a modern skull, showing 
well-developed eyebrow ridges of the type usual in present- 
day races, and also an asymmetrical condition in the region 
of the bregma, as in the Piltdown skull ..... 372 
136. Profile of the skull of a chimpanzee to show the plane of 
orientation . . . . . . . . . . 378 
137. (A) The relationship of the external angular or malar process 
to the level of the base of the frontal lobes of the brain in 
the Gibraltar (Neanderthal) skull ; (B) The same relation- 
ship in a modern English skull ... . . 380 
138. The fronto-malar region in the skull of an orang and in the 
Piltdown specimen 382 
139. Section across the anterior end of the left side of a chimpan- 
zee's skull and the right side of the Gibraltar skull, to show 
the relationship of the external angular process to the third 
frontal convolution ......... 384 
140. Horizontal section of the left frontal bone of the Piltdown 
skull, and of the right frontal region of a modern skull, to 
show the relationship. of the external angular process to the 
third frontal convolution . . . . . . 385 
