LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv 
FIG. PAGE 
88. Woman's skull found at Castenedolo, viewed from the side and 
from above 248 
89. Section of the east bank of the Bengawan, near Trinil, showing 
the position of the fossiliferous stratum ..... 258 
90. Profile and vertex of the cranium of Pithecanthropus . . 263 
91. Cranial vault of Pithecanthropus, of the Siamang (gibbon), and 
of a modern European orientated on the zero base line . . 265 
92. Section across the upper third of Trenton femur compared 
with corresponding sections of a modern European femur 
and that of a Neolithic European 276 
93. Drawing of a skull of an American Indian on which the cranial 
fragment found at Trenton is represented .... 277 
94. Sketch map of the sites of Ameghino's chief discoveries of 
ancient man 289 
95. Sketch of the south-east corner of England, to show the Weald, 
the position of Piltdown, and the course of the Sussex Ouse 294 
96. Sketch of the district drained by the Sussex Ouse, showing the 
area over which Mr Dawson found peculiar tabular flints 
and races of ancient gravel deposits ..... 297 
97. Diagrammatic sketch of the gravel deposit in which the 
Piltdown skull was found ....... 300 
98. Outline of a modern skull to show the number and position of 
the cranial fragments recovered at Piltdown .... 304 
99. Map of South England and North France, to show the course 
and tributaries of the ancient channel river . . . -313 
100. Fragments of the Piltdown skull placed in position and 
represented in profile 317 
loi. The fragment of the right parietal bone of the Piltdown skull 
superimposed on the corresponding points of the bone of 
the left side, to show the extent missing . . . -318 
102. The fragments of the Piltdown skull viewed from behind . -319 
103. The Piltdown mandible, as seen in true profile, compared with 
a corresponding view of the mandible of an Australian 
native 321 
104. Section of the human tongue, chin, lower jaw, and lip made 
along the middle line, to show the origin of muscles from 
the region of the chin or symphysis ..... 323 
105. A corresponding section of the same region of a young 
chimpanzee .......... 323 
106. The muzzle and front teeth of the Piltdown skull as originally 
reconstructed by Dr Smith Woodward ..... 325 
107. Similar view of the same part of a male chimpanzee . . 325 
