64 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
parts, were published at the expense of the Prince of 
Monaco, placing at the disposal of the scientific world a 
rich and instructive harvest of new facts. Altogether the 
remains of sixteen individuals were found in the Grimaldi 
caves. Here we shall deal with those discovered in 
only one of them— the Grotte des Enfants, so named 
because the skeletons of two children were discovered in 
its upper strata. 
A summary of what was discovered during the explora- 
tion of the Grotte des Enfants is shown in fig. 26. 
Over 3 feet had been removed from the surface of 
the cave deposits before the systematic exploration com- 
menced. Twenty-eight feet of accumulations on the 
original floor still remained. Nine ancient floors were 
found, marked by hearths and the debris of human 
occupation ; they occurred from the top to the bottom 
of the cave strata. From the lowest and oldest to the 
highest and most recent hearth, the type of culture was 
the same — Aurignacian. The ornaments, the imple- 
ments in stone and bone were of the same kind as were 
found in the cave at Aurignac. The remains of the same 
extinct animals came to light with a few exceptions ; the 
woolly rhinoceros, and apparently the mammoth, never 
reached the sunny coasts of the Riviera. The remains 
of the reindeer and of the ibex occurred ; so did those 
of the cave-bear, the cave-lion, and the cave-hyena. In 
the very lowest stratum of all, however, were found the 
remains of a species of rhinoceros, more ancient than 
the woolly form — the kind known as Rhinoceros Mercki. 
The presence of this southern form in the deepest stratum 
of the cave, accompanied by remains of the hippo- 
potamus, an older form of elephant — Elephas antiquus — 
suggests that the Grimaldi caves became inhabited at the 
close, or soon after the close, of a mild or warm period, 
during which Neanderthal man appeared in Europe. 
At the level of the second hearth in the Grotte des 
Enfants, ryo mm. below the surface, was founci the 
skeleton of an old woman of small stature, but so broken 
that a restoration was impossible. It was clear she had 
