PALEOLITHIC ENGLISHMEN 
77 
the Hailing and the Tilbury men. After the Hallino- 
man was buried, the terrace went on forming ; then 
ensued a period of elevation, during which the Medway 
deepened its valley by 50 feet or more. Then the sub- 
mergence began ; at an early phase of the submergence. 
Tilbury man appeared. It seems to me that a period 
of at least twelve thousand or fifteen thousand years 
must be allowed for the Halling-Tilbury interval. Our 
inquiries into the cave formations showed us that the depth 
of the deposits formed during the later Palaeolithic periods 
may amount to as much as 60 feet ; we saw, too, the suc- 
cession of various forms of cultures, the extinction of many 
animal species, and a great change in climate. But we 
had no opportunity of forming an estimate of time by such 
Fig. 30A. — A later and more accurate section across the valley of the Medway 
at Hailing by Mr W. H. Cook. 
means as we find at Hailing — the work done by rivers, the 
deepening and the filling up of valleys. I do not see, 
when we take all these considerations into account, that 
we can allow less than twenty-five thousand years as the 
age of the Hailing skeleton. 
We now turn to ascertain what kind of man lived so 
long ago in the Medway valley. We have seen what 
the Aurignacian men of the Continent were like — the tall, 
lank, rather negroid Cromagnon people, the robust, large- 
headed Brunn type, and the river-bed type of Engis. At 
Hailing, we again meet with the river-bed type of skull. 
In fig. 31, this skull is placed within a standard frame, 
designed to fit the average-sized head of to-day. It is 
seen to fit the Hailing skull very closely. The length of 
the skull is 187 mm. — 3 mm. short of the conventional 
standard ; the width is 142 mm., being 75 per cent, of 
