78 
THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
the length ; the height of the vault above the ear-holes is 
124 mm. — nearly 9 mm. above the mean amount for 
males.^ The size of brain was, as is so often the case in 
PaliEolithic races, above the modern average — the cranial 
capacity in this case being 1500 c.c. The measurements 
cannot be regarded as exact, for, although the cavity of 
the skull was'filled with a solid cast of brick earth, yet all 
the bones were much broken, and, in the replacement of 
fragments, some degree of error may have crept into the 
reconstruction. There is not a single feature of the skull 
Fig. 31.— The Hailing skull viewed from the side and from above. 
which one can say is primitive or ape-like. The forehead 
is well formed, of average size, with supra-orbital ridges 
moderately developed. The areas for the muscles of 
mastication are not larger than in modern skulls. The 
bones which enclose the brain cavity, often 8 or 10 mm. 
thick in ancient skulls, are in the vault of this specimen, 
only 4 to 5 mm. thick — in reality thin bones. The 
mastoid processes and other areas of the skull to which 
the muscles of the neck are attached do not differ in any 
point from those seen in modern races. Indeed, were it 
not for the evidence of the strata in which the skeleton lay 
1 For full account of skeleton, see Joiirn. Roy. Anthrop. Instit., vol. 
xliv., July 1914- 
