86 
THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
meter) were cleared, the original floor of the cave was 
found to be about 8 feet above the stream which flows 
past the entrance — the level of the stream at this point 
being 300 feet above Ordnance datum. In the deposit 
which filled the cave, Mr Mullins recognised three 
horizons, the upper horizon fading into the middle, and 
the middle into the lower zone. The upper horizon, 
about 3 feet in depth, made up of loam similar to that 
forming the surface soil of neighbouring fields, yielded 
remains of modern small animals. The middle horizon, 
varying from 5 to 6 feet in depth, made up of the same 
CENTRAL CHAMBER 
FORMER ENTRANCE 
-'SKULL 
HEARTHS 
UPPER HORIZON I 
3-4 P'^ MIDDLE HORIZON 
5-6 Pt \ 
LOWER HORIZON 
2-3 F? 
Fig. 32.— a diagrammatic section to show the horizons Mr Mullins 
recognised in the cave earth at Langwith. 
material as the upper horizon, was studded with blocks 
and chips of limestone, often partially cemented together. 
No layer of stalagmite was seen either above or below 
the middle horizon. The middle stratum yielded abun- 
dant remains of extinct animals, such as characterise the 
later phases of Palaeolithic culture. In this stratum, 
near the entrance, at a depth of 2 feet, was found the 
radius of a woolly rhinoceros ; in the same stratum of 
the central chamber, the humerus of a cave-bear which 
had been gnawed by a cave-hyena. The lower or bottom 
stratum, made up of a sandy loam and varying in thickness 
from 2 to 3 feet, yielded abundant evidence of man's 
occupation. As will be seen from fig. 32, the bottom 
