FURTHER EXAMPLES 87 
layer of the central chamber extended through the 
entrance towards the present bank of the stream. , The 
remains of ancient hearths and floors occurred at all 
levels of the bottom stratum, in the central chamber, at 
the entrance, and on the old terrace in front of the 
entrance. Calcined stones, " pot-boilers," and numerous 
worked flints and a bone pin occurred at this horizon. 
So did the remains of extinct animals— the woolly 
rhinoceros, the cave-bear, brown bear, the reindeer, the 
urus {Bos primigenius), the lemming, the Arctic hare, and 
many other members of a fauna indicating a colder 
climate than the present. Mr Mullins had the advantage 
of expert advice from Mr E. T. Newton, Mr A. C. 
Hinton, and Mr A. S. Kennard in identifying the fauna 
yielded by the Langwith cave — a fauna represented by 
sixty different species. As to the flint implements there 
can be no doubt ; they represent the culture of the 
Aurignacian, and probably also of the Magdalenian 
period. The remains of the extinct animals found with 
the flints and hearths in the bottom stratum are those 
which usually occur in cave deposits of the Aurignacian 
culture. There can, therefore, be no hesitation in re- 
garding all that lay in the deepest stratum of the 
Langwith cave as belonging, not to our modern period, 
but to the Pleistocene epoch. 
The following account of the discovery of the remains 
of the man himself, in the deepest stratum, is given in 
Mr Mullins' own words : — ^ 
" On the left-hand side of the entrance and 9 or 
10 feet down, quite close to the floor, and also on 
the side wall of the cave, under what seemed to be 
a natural arch, formed by a fall of the roof in an 
early age (but there is no sign of any such fall in 
the present roof), we found the Langwith skull. 
There were no signs of other bones along with it, 
but it was clear that the skull could not have been 
interred in any historic time by man's agency. . . . 
1 Letter to the Author, October 12th, 1909. 
