FURTHER EXAMPLES 91 
But, if small, the skull shows no feature which we can 
call low or primitive, except that, as is so often the case in 
the skulls of Australian natives, the brain chamber gives 
one the impression of being imperfectly filled — the sides 
are flat and the vault rises almost to a keel. Neverthe- 
less, it is a strongly modelled skull, of a man aged 
between forty and fifty years — so we infer from the 
partly closed condition of the sutures between' the several 
bones of the vault. Very probably the man was of small 
stature and of slight make, as is usually the case in 
races with the river-bed type of skull. The maximum 
length of the skull is 192 mm., 180 mm. of that 
measurement being due to length of brain, the rest to 
thickness of bone in the frontal and occipital walls. 
The maximum width, just above and behind the ear- 
holes, is 135 mm., the width being 70 per cent, of the 
length — a narrow skull. The height of the vault above 
the ear-holes, 113 mm. — a small amount, especially when 
one remembers the bone along the vault is much thicker 
(9 mm.) than in most modern skulls {s~^ mm.). 
Another measurement indicating the total height of the 
skull (basi-bregmatic) is 127 mm. — also a low amount. 
The distance between the orbits — at the root of the nose 
— is, as in modern British skulls, 24 mm. The eye- 
brow ridges are pronounced, the frontal air sinuses 
large. The difference between the minimum width of 
the forehead (95 mm.) and the maximum width (110 
mm.), which is measured between the extremities of the 
supra-orbital ridges, is considerable (15 mm.), certainly a 
primitive character. The temporal muscles of mastication 
are rather larger than usual. At least the lines which 
mark the upper limit of the attachment of those muscles 
are placed, as is often the case in small modern skulls, 
unusually far above the zygomatic or cheek arches. In 
the Langwith skull these lines are situated 100 mm. 
above the zygomatic arches, and only 48 mm. from the 
middle line along the roof of the skull. As is usual in 
this type of skull, the occiput projects backwards as a 
boss or cap. The area differentiated for the attachment 
