98 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
is only about lOO mm. above the average modern English- 
man. The palate and teeth from Kent's Cavern do show 
a decree of robust development which is uncommon in 
modern mouths, but there is no character present which 
suggests that a strange or unknown race is represented. 
The back-front diameters of the teeth are also given 
on the drawings. Measured along the line of the arch 
of the teeth, the three molars of the Kent's Cavern palate 
have a combined length of 30*5 mm., which, although 
above the average of our modern molars, is yet rather 
below that of primitive native races such as Australians 
or Africans (see dimensions on fig. 36). The cusps are 
worn off the chewing surfaces of the first and second 
teeth ; they had each four cusps — the full number — but the 
fourth cusp is absent from the last molar. The roots of 
the teeth are long and well separated, and, in my opinion 
— but here I differ somewhat from Dr Duckworth — show 
no trace of those features which characterise that peculiar 
and ancient Palaeolithic race — Neanderthal man.^ Mr 
George Jackson has shown me similar teeth and palates 
from caves opened near Plymouth. Thus, at Kent's 
Cavern, we have evidence of a closing phase of the 
Palaeolithic culture, and just enough of one of the men 
of the time to show that he was not different from those 
found in other English caves. 
To complete our survey of late Palaeolithic man in 
Britain, we must continue our tour by passing eastwards 
along the south coast of England to the summit of the 
South Downs in the county of Sussex. The remarkable 
earthworks or camps on the top of the Downs at Cissbury, 
near Worthing, belong to the Neolithic period ; but the 
circular pits and depressions, about fifty in number, which 
occupy the same site, have yielded a peculiar culture, at 
first supposed to belong to an early part of the Neolithic 
period. In 1868, General Pitt Rivers began an investiga- 
tion of those pits ; the result of his explorations, and of 
others of a later date, was to show that the pits were in 
reality the filled-in mouths of vertical shafts which went 
' See p. 147. 
