MOUSTERIAN PERIOD 115 
Charred remains of the ancient ox — the urus — were 
noted. The body had been laid on its right side, with 
the face turned down, and a pillow of stones placed under 
the head. The skull was badly crushed, and Professor 
Klaatsch was not altogether fortunate in the reconstruc- 
tion of its fragments. The head was remarkably large 
and capacious, and showed all the curious features of the 
Neanderthal race. Every bone of the body, as Professor 
Klaatsch has described in great detail,-^ showed certain 
features which differentiate them from the corresponding 
bones of modern man. The skeleton, or what remained 
of it, was subsequently acquired by the Museum of 
Ethnology, Berlin, where it is now preserved, the skull 
having undergone recently another reconstruction. Herr 
Hauser's discovery of a Neanderthal skeleton in a stratum 
of Mousterian age in 1908, and in the following year, 
of a skeleton of the modern type in a stratum of 
Aurignacian age, effected a revolution in our attitude 
towards the nature of Neanderthal man, and our 
conception of the antiquity of men of the modern type. 
While these explorations were being carried out at La 
Ferrassie and at Combe Capelle, in the autumn of 1909, 
equally important in their final result, perhaps more 
important discoveries were being made higher up in the 
valley of the Dordogne. Seventy miles to the east of 
the Vezere, the Dordogne is joined from the north by a 
small tributary stream, the Sourdoire, which has carved 
a valley out of an agricultural country — a plateau of lime- 
stone in the department of Correze. For some years 
three excellent archaeologists, the Abbes A. and J. 
Bouyssonie and Bardon, then stationed in that part of 
France, had investigated local sites of prehistoric man 
with great skill and success. In the autumn of 1908, 
they were exploring a small cave, situated in a terraced 
field rising on the side of the valley of the Sourdoire, 
near the agricultural village of Ea Chapelle-aux-Saints. 
The cave was of small dimension — even when cleared 
1 Archives fiir Anthropologies 1909, ser. 7, vol. iv. p. 287. Ergcbnisse 
der Anatomie und Entwickl., 1907, vol. xvii. p. 431. 
