CHAPTER VII 
THE DISTRIBUTION OF NEANDERTHAL MAN IN EUROPE 
In the light of those recent discoveries of Neanderthal 
man in Mousterian strata of South-Western France, we 
may now proceed to give a brief review of similar finds 
made in other parts of Europe. Taking Spain first, there 
is only one discovery to note, but it is an important one. 
Recent correspondence proved that the skull found at 
Gibraltar in 1848 was the very first recorded discovery 
of the remains of Neanderthal man.^ Colonel Kenyon, 
Commandant of the Royal Engineers at Gibraltar in 
1 9 10, found the following entry in the Minutes of the 
Gibraltar Scientific Society, dated March 3rd, 1848 : — 
" Presented a Human Skull from Forbes Quarry, North 
Front, by the Secretary." The secretary then was 
Lieutenant Flint of the Royal Artillery. The skull was 
brought to England by Mr George Busk in 1862, and 
presented by him, in 1868, to the museum of the Royal 
College of Surgeons, England, where it is now preserved. 
The subsequent history of this specimen is instructive. 
Exhibited at scientific meetings in England and France, 
examined by Huxley, Brcca, Busk, Falconer, who pro- 
posed the name of Homo calficus (from Calphe, the ancient 
name for Gibraltar),"^ the place of this skull among the 
records of ancient man did not become apparent until the 
twentieth century was well begun.^ Dr Gustav Schwalbe, 
the veteran Professor of Anatomy in the University of 
1 See Nature, 191 1, vol. Ixxxvii. p. 313. 
2 Ibid., p. 314- 
3 For a full description of the Gibraltar skull, see Professor Sollas's 
account, Phil. Traits., 1908, ser. B, vol. cxcix. pp. 281-339. 
