NEANDERTHAL MAN IN EUROPE 125 
Gibraltar race differing very materially from its allies — 
perhaps contemporaries — in Central and Southern France. 
As we look into the world of ancient man, the problems 
of human origin become more complex, and their solution 
more intricate and difficult. The world of ancient man 
was apparently more complex than the highly variegated 
one of modern times. 
In this cursory survey of Europe in search of the 
discoveries of Neanderthal man, we pass from Spain to 
Jersey. An elevation of 60 feet would unite Jersey 
to the west coast of Normandy by dry land — a union 
which has been made and broken many a time even in 
recent geological history. At St Brelade's Bay, on the 
south coast of Jersey, granite cliffs rise to a height of 200 
or 300 feet. In a cleft on their face opens La Cotte de 
St Brelade — a cavern excavated by the sea when the 
waves beat against the coast, 60 feet above their present 
level. Until 19 10 the cave was buried beneath a mass 
of rubble, 30 feet deep. The chance discovery of a flint 
implement on the beach below the site of the cave led to 
its exploration by the Societe Jersiaise. Dr R. R. Marett 
of Oxford University has published a full and 'clear 
account of the discoveries at St Brelade.^ In the deeper 
strata of the cave, representing ancient floors, remains of 
hearths were discovered. The prehistoric strata of the 
floor yielded an abundance of flint implements worked in 
the typical Mousterian manner. Remains of the woolly 
rhinoceros, the reindeer, a species of horse and of ancient 
ox, revealed the sources from which the ancient cave men 
drew their food supply. Near one of the hearths twelve 
human teeth were found, all of them parts of a single set, 
and all of them showing those peculiar features which 
stamp and distinguish the teeth of Neanderthal man." 
1 See Archccoloi^ia, 191 1, vol. Ixii. p. 449 ; vol. Ixiii. p. 203. Also E. T. 
Nicolle and J. Sinel, Man, Dec. 1910, p. 185. Bullet. SocUt^ Jersiaise, 
191 2, vol. xxxvii. p. 213. 
- See account of the teeth bv Keiih and KnowleSj/^iwr;/. of Anat. and 
Fhystol., 191 1, vol. xlvi. p. 2. Also Bullet. Soc. Jersiaise, 1912, vol. xxxvn. 
p. 223. The characters of Neanderthal teeth are again mentioned at 
p. 147 of this book. 
