132 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
deposits were apparently laid down on the bottom or on 
the beach of an ancient inland lake. A primitive race of 
men seem to have lived on the shores of the lake. At 
least the flints they shaped are found abundantly in a 
stratum — probably an old land surface — 18 feet below 
the present soil. In the same stratum occur the remains 
of a fauna which seems older than that of the Mousterian 
period, for the rhinoceros {R. Mercki) and the elephant 
{E. andquus) are not the forms we expect to find with 
Neanderthal man. The implements, however, have been 
adjudged by many experts to belong to the period of the 
Mousterian culture ; by others they are assigned to other 
dates — more ancient and also more recent.^ Two human 
teeth were discovered at this cultural level (see fig. 50, 
p. 147) ; a description of them was published in 1895 by 
Dr Nehring.- These teeth, although they do not show 
the typical Neanderthal characters, may very well have 
belonged to an individual of this race.^ 
The further discoveries of Neanderthal man in Europe 
need only a brief mention. In Moravia, within the 
northern outskirts of the watershed of the Danube, two 
discoveries have been made of Neanderthal man. In 
both cases only fragments of the lower jaw were found. 
They were found in the floor strata of a cave — one at 
Schipka and another at Ochos in 1906. The remaining 
discovery requiring our attention — one of the very first 
magnitude — takes us to the Hungarian province of 
Croatia, stretching westwards to the Adriatic. We owe 
the discovery to Professor Gorjanovic-Kramberger, a 
Professor in the University of Agram. In 1899, he 
commenced the exploration of a deposit, situated on a 
terrace on the side of a valley near the little town of 
Krapina, and through which the Krapinica flows — an 
early feeder of the Save. The section of the deposits 
exposed in his investigations is shown in fig. 44. He 
1 See Aus dem Werdegatig der Mciisch/ieii, Dr H. von Buttel- 
Reepen, Jena, 1913. 
" Zeitsclu'ift fiir Etiinologie, 1895, vol. xxvii. p. 338. 
■* See Prehistoric Man, by W. L. H. Duckworth, Cambridge, 1913. 
V. Adloff, Deulsch. Monatsschrift fiir Zahnheilk., 191 1, Heft ii. p. 804. 
