NEANDERTHAL MAN IN EUROPE 135 
— the contemporary representatives of Homo sapiens. 
Protessor Kramberger is of opinion that, amongst the 
individuals he discovered, there are some which bridge 
the gap between these two types of man — the Neander- 
tlial and the modern. The writer has observed no fact 
which supports such an opinion ; the closer the records 
from Krapina are studied, the more one becomes 
convinced that there are no intermediate or hybrid 
individuals represented. The skulls are fragmentary ; 
not one is complete. Yet they are sufficiently perfect to 
show that they carry all the marks of the Neanderthal 
race. Further, as we saw from the Gibraltar skull, those 
Krapina people give us the most certain assurance that 
the Neanderthal species of man, like the modern species 
{Hofno sapiens)^ was separated into distinct races. The 
Krapina and Gibraltar races differed from their con- 
temporaries in France and Belgium. As in modern races, 
there were, in the Neanderthal species, both long-headed 
and the round-headed races. The skull from the 
Neanderthal cave is a sample of the long-headed race ; 
those of the Krapina people represent a short-headed 
variety ; the Gibraltar skull belongs to an intermediate 
group. 
Thus we see that, in the Mousterian period, in the 
middle Pleistocene age, when the middle or 50-foot 
terrace was being laid down in the Thames valley, 
Europe was inhabited by a peculiar race of mankind — 
of quite a different type from the races which now popu- 
late it. This race spread from Gibraltar in the South 
to Weimar in the North, from Croatia in the East to 
Jersey in the West. The culture of this period has been 
found both in Italy and in England. In neither of these 
countries, however, has any fossil trace ot Neanderthal 
man been found so far. The future may make good 
that blank, for we see no reason why he should not have 
occupied both of these countries as well as Central 
Europe. The most marvellous aspect of the problem 
raised by the recognition of Neanderthal man as a distinct 
type is his apparently sudden disappearance. He is 
