144 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
on the other hand, the torus form of supra-orbital ridge 
and the platycephalic shape of cranium of the simian 
ancestor have been retained. 
The great majority of those structural features which 
mark Neanderthal species off from modern races are 
essentially of a simian or anthropoid nature. For 
instance, when the circumnasal region of the Neanderthal 
face is examined (fig. 46) it will be seen to have the 
inflated or blown-out appearance to be observed in the 
gorilla or chimpanzee (fig. 47), differing materially from 
the collapsed or deflated condition seen in the face of the 
existing or modern types of mankind. 
We are surprised to note, however, that one simian 
feature is absent from the nasal region of the Neanderthal 
skull. In the chimpanzee's skull (fig. 47) the lateral 
margins of the nose descend towards the teeth, bounding 
a groove or gutter on the floor of the entrance to the 
nasal cavity. These nasal grooves or gutters are also 
present in the skulls of many primitive modern races — 
an anthropoid or simian condition. The simian nasal 
gutter is present in the Combe Capelle skull to a slight 
degree, but not a trace of it is present in the Gibraltar 
skull. There, as in the most highly evolved of modern 
skulls, the lateral margins of the nose turn inwards to 
the nasal spine, forming a sharp lower margin at the 
entrance to the nose (fig. 46). The simian nasal gutter 
is a character to be ascribed to the modern type of man 
rather than to the Neanderthal type, although in the latter 
it may, as in the specimen from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, 
have some degree of representation. 
From the time of the discovery of the Naulette jaw in 
1866 it has been recognised that the Neanderthal species 
have certain pecuHar markings or characters of the chin. 
In a later chapter (see p. 323) it will be necessary to 
describe in some detail the exact manner in which certain 
muscles of the tongue — muscles which play an important 
role in articulate speech — make an attachment to the 
hinder or lingual aspect of the mandible in the region of 
the chin and symphysis of the lower jaw. At the present 
