ANATOMICAL PECULIARITIES 
H7 
as well as in the region of the cheek, bounds the floor of 
the mouth. In order to secure free movements of the 
tongue and easy, articulate speech, it is highly advantageous 
to have the floor of the mouth opened out. In anthro- 
poids the lower border of the mandible encroaches on, 
and diminishes the area of, the floor of the mouth. In 
the most highly evolved forms of men the lower border 
of the mandible is widened or opened out (see fig. 167, 
p. 449). In Neanderthal man the expansion of the lower 
border of the mandible is less complete than in men of 
the modern type. 
It is when we come to study the teeth of Neanderthal 
man that we first obtain a real clue to his position among 
C. 
-Four lower molars, as seen when examined by X-rays. 
A. Of a chimpanzee. C. Of a tooth found at Taubach (Adloff). 
B. Of a modern European. 
D. Of a Krapina individual. 
the ancestral forms of modern man. In 1907, Professor 
Adloff, then in Konigsberg, published a very important 
series of conclusions he had reached from a study of the 
teeth found by Professor Kramberger at Krapina.^ What 
he found is shown in a brief and diagrammatic manner 
in fig. 50. In that figure, A represents the lower molar 
of a chimpanzee, as seen when examined by X-ray 
transillumination. The pulp cavity, in the body or 
crown of the tooth, is small ; the fangs, containing ex- 
tensions of the pulp cavity, as far as their tips, are long. 
The lower molar of a modern European — a man of the 
modern type (fig. 50, B) — shows a similar form of pulp 
' " Die Zjihne des Homo priviigenhts von Krapina," Anat. Afiz., 1907, 
vol. xxxi. p. 273. See also Das Gebiss des Menschen unci der Antliropo- 
morphcn, Berlin, 1908. Also see reference, p. 473. 
