ISO 
THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
discoveries.^ Professor Boule's^ investigations finally 
establish Neanderthal man as a distinct and extinct species 
of man. 
In the palate, as well as in the teeth, there is evidence 
of a specialisation. The only skull in which the palate 
has been preserved nearly intact is that found at Gibraltar ; 
a careful drawing showing the exact dimensions and state 
of that palate is reproduced in fig. 51. It is at once seen, 
not only to be larger than the palate of modern man, but 
also different in shape. Its distinguishing feature is its 
great width, as compared with its length. The primitive 
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GIBRALTAR. TASMANIAN . 
Fig. 52. —Outlines of the palate of the Gibraltar skull, and of a skull of a 
native Tasmanian, showing a contrast in shape. 
form of the palate — that seen in anthropoid apes — is one 
with approximately parallel sides, on which the molar and 
premolar teeth are set (see fig. 1 10, p. 328). In the figure 
cited the palate of a female chimpanzee is represented. 
The width, measured between the outer margins of the 
second molar teeth, is 58 mm. ; its length, represented 
by a line drawn from between the crowns of the middle 
incisor teeth to a point situated at the middle of a line 
joining the hinder borders of the last molar teeth (see 
fig. 1 10), is 70 mm. The palate is long and narrow, the 
width being 80 per cent, of the length. In fig. 52 the 
outline of the palate of the Gibraltar skull is reproduced 
1 See reference, p. 115. - See reference, p. 117. 
