154 
THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
it is intermediate to the form seen in young anthropoids 
and that which occurs in men of the modern type. It 
will thus be seen that in the mastoid region Neanderthal 
skulls show a series of characters which may justly be 
regarded as simian in nature and origin. 
Mention has already been made of the flattened platy- 
cephalic skull of anthropoids and of Neanderthal man. 
It is now necessary to look somewhat more closely into 
the nature of this character. In fig. ^t, the poise of the 
MODERN 
NEANDERTHAL. 
Fig. 53. — Diagram showing the poise of the head in the modern and Neanderthal 
types of man. The Gibraltar skull was used as the basis of the drawing 
of the Neanderthal type, a lower jaw being modelled from one of the 
mandibles found at Spy. 
head in the modern type of man and in the Neanderthal 
type are contrasted. In the Neanderthal poise one has 
the impression that the occipital region of the head was 
partly buried in the neck, owing to the head being tilted 
or extended backwards. To some degree this is true ; 
the head was carried in a more extended or retroflexed 
position, for it will be observed that the muscles of the 
neck have attained a more extensive attachment to the 
occipital region than in the contrasted type. In Neander- 
thal man the muscles of the neck ascend above the 
posterior end of the lateral blood sinus (see fig. ^^i L.S.) ; 
