THE IPSWICH MAN 225 
far, however, no skeletal remains of the Cromer men 
have come to light. 
Early in the present century, the members of the 
Prehistoric Society of East Anglia carried the history 
of man far beyond the limit predicted by Lyell. Three 
well-known formations or deposits of the Pliocene period 
occur in East Anglia — the Norwich Crag, the Red Crag, 
and the Coralline Crag. The Coralline Crag is the 
oldest, dating back to at least the middle of the Pliocene 
period. Then follows the Red Crag ; then the Norwich, 
which, in turn, is succeeded, in point of time, by the 
Cromer beds. The deepest stratum of both the Norwich 
and Red Crags is formed by a " stone-bed," representing, 
apparently, the sweepings of the old land surface which 
preceded the deposition of the stratified, shelly, sandy 
formations of the Crags. In 19 10, Mr Reid Moir ^ 
discovered that the stone-bed under the Red Crag 
contained a series of flints showing definite evidence of 
man's work. The worked flints, collected by Mr Moir, 
prove that pre-Crag man — man of the Pliocene epoch — 
had already evolved a series of implements, representing 
several types as regards shape and workmanship. It is 
true that the " humanity" of the sub-Crag flints has been 
questioned, and even denied, by men who have given the 
subject of flint fracture their serious consideration. We 
have seen, however, that it took Boucher de Perthes 
a great part of a lifetime to convince his fellows of the 
humanity of those high works of art — palaeoliths. A 
more rapid success has attended the labours of Mr Reid 
Moir. The ready acceptance of his results is largely 
due, as he would be the first to acknowledge, to the 
support and advocacy of Sir E. Ray Lankester.-' 
As early as 1905, Mr W. G. Clarke^ had observed 
" eoliths " in the stone-bed under the Norwich Crag. 
Since then Mr Clarke has collected a series of worked 
1 See Proc. Prehist. Soc. East Anglia, 191 1, vol. i. p. 17. 
- See Proc. Roy. Soc, Nov. 16, 191 1 ; also special publication of the 
Roy. Aftthrop. Ins tit., 19 14. 
2 Proc. Prehist. Soc. East Atiglia, 191 2, vol. v. p. 160. 
15 
