230 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
following the " Rissien " or third glacial phase. The 
ancient loess was certainly in process of formation 
during the period of Acheulean culture, for it contains 
implements of that culture (fig. 79). The upper loam 
of the 100-foot terrace in the valley of the Thames 
(see fig. 57, p. 163) appears to correspond in time 
and circumstance to the ancient loess. The Bury St 
Edmunds cranial fragment finds its place in this horizon 
of M. Rutot's scheme. Lastly, in the upper and final 
strata of his scheme, M. Rutot recognises in the brick 
earths and loams the deposits which followed the fourth 
and last of the Pleistocene ice ages — the " Warmien." 
In such deposits are found the implements of the two 
final Paleolithic cultures — the Solutrean and Magdalenian. 
The strata of brick earths which covered the skeleton in 
the low terrace at Hailing may be correlated with the 
final deposits of M. Rutot's scheme. M. Rutot's 
observations and conclusions have a very direct bearing 
on the inquiry we now have on hand, for he has shown 
that his scheme holds true, not only for Belgium, but is 
also applicable to the valley deposits of the Rhine, the 
Somme, the Seine, and apparently also to those of the 
Thames valley. 
The elaboration of the valley deposits of Belgium into 
a complete system forms only a part of M. Rutot's 
discoveries. In the lower or older series of the 
Pleistocene valley deposits he has recognised certain 
forms of worked flints which represent the earliest phases 
of Pleistocene culture. The implements are of the type 
known as eoliths. He recognises three stages in the 
evolution of such early forms towards the true Palaeolithic 
types. The first and oldest Pleistocene cultures he has 
named " Reutelien," the second " Mafflien," the third 
and final of the Eolithic stages " Mesvinien." Then 
follows, in the lowest of the middle Pleistocene beds, the 
most primitive of the Palaeolithic cultures, the one to 
which M. Rutot gave the name " Strepyien " — the 
prelude of the high art of Chellean culture. 
It is also of importance for our present inquiry to note 
