256 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
bones of any African of Palaeolithic times, but he was 
able to exhibit many examples of the workmanship of the 
people of that period. In the ancient river deposits of 
South Africa many implements very similar to those of the 
Chellean, Acheulean, Mousterian, and Aurignacian cultures 
have been discovered. The sequence of cultures in Africa 
appears to be less definite than in Europe. Dr Peringuey 
insists that stone implements of the Chellean type are 
found lying side by side in the same stratum with the 
implements of the Mousterian type, as if both cultures 
had been prevalent at the same time. The remarkable 
fact remains that, in South Africa, the European 
Pleistocene cultures are represented in deposits contain- 
ing the remains of extinct forms of animals — animals 
which were alive when Palasolithic man lived in South 
Africa. 
No better evidence of the antiquity of man could be 
provided than that afforded by the Bushmen of South 
Africa — a negroid race, rapidly hastening towards 
extinction. As artists, the Bushmen represent Europeans 
of the Aurignacian period ; they decorate their rock- 
shelter with realistic representations of hunting scenes in 
the same manner as Europeans did before the Ice age 
came to a close. But it is not as modern representatives 
of ancient artists that they are cited here : it is because 
in the structure of their bodies they reveal a very highly 
specialised form — probably a very ancient form of man- 
kind — not primitive and ape-like, but a highly 
differentiated form of the negro type. The Bushman is 
the product of a long series of evolutionary stages. In 
estimating the antiquity of man, we must allow sufficient 
time for the evolution of such highly specialised 
representative types of modern man — such as the Bush- 
man, the West African negro, the fair-haired North 
European, and the yellow-skinned Chinaman. 
From Africa we now pass to Asia — a part of the world 
from which the student of early man has expected so 
much and, so far, has obtained so little. It is true that 
we are provided in India and China with two very 
