ANCIENT MAN IN AFRICA AND JAVA 265 
the anthropoid than to the human form. In total length 
and width of brain, however, Pithecanthropus is altogether 
human. 
There is another important anthropoid feature in the 
vault of the Java skull. When human skulls, whether of 
the Neanderthal or modern types, are orientated on the 
base line employed here, the highest part of the vault 
lies between ih and 2^ inches (^S ^^ 5° mm-) behind 
ISO 150 100 50 
Fig. 91. --Cranial vault of Pithecanthropus, of the Siamang (gibbon), and of a 
modern European orientated on the zero base line. The Siamang's skull is 
represented twice its natural size. 
the bregma (see fig. 91). But in anthropoid skulls the 
bregma itself forms the highest point. In this respect 
the skull of Pithecanthropus is anthropoid (fig. 91). This 
feature of the cranial vault depends on two factors. We 
have already seen that in anthropoid skulls, and also in the 
Gibraltar skull, the base is markedly extended or unbent 
at the pituitary angle (see fig. 54, p. i 56). The extension 
of the cranial base leads to a flattening of the roof of the 
skull. Another factor, probably a more important one, 
in raisino^ the vault of the skull so that its highest point 
