292 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
The exact stratum from which it was obtained is 
unknown. 
There is no need to recount the remaining discoveries 
which have been made in the Argentine Republic. They 
are fully described by Dr Lehmann-Nitsche and by Dr 
Hrdlicka.^ The result of a survey of the discoveries 
of ancient man made in South and North America leads 
to the same conclusion, that we cannot trace man beyond 
a point in the Pleistocene period, and that the oldest 
human remains so far discovered, both of the northern 
and southern parts of the western hemisphere, are of 
the same American-Indian type. Indeed, the resemblance 
between the skulls recovered from deposits of a Pleistocene 
age in the United States and those found in the Pampean 
deposits of the Argentine Republic is very striking. 
They are not only of the same race ; they might belong 
almost to members of the same tribe. We have seen no 
evidence to lead us to suppose that any race preceded the 
American Indian in the new world. 
Yet, one cannot conclude such a survey as this with 
any feeling of satisfaction or of certainty. We seem to 
leave so much unexplained. Those who have studied 
the elaborate civilisations and the multitude of languages 
of America are almost unanimous in regarding them as 
independent evolutions.^ The animals which had been 
domesticated, and the numerous native plants which had 
been brought under cultivation by indigenous races in pre- 
Columbian times, seem to point to an antiquity beyond 
that revealed by the discoveries of the geologist or of the 
anatomist. The writer feels certain that human secrets 
still lie hidden in America. The discovery of implements 
of a Palaeolithic type in the State of Kansas under deposits 
of the phase of maximum glaciation suggests an earlier 
history for man in America.^ 
1 See references, p. 288. 
^ See South American Archcrology^ by T. A. Joyce, London, 191 3, 
p. 189. 
3 See "A Consideration of the Palceoliths of Kansas," by N. H. 
Winchell, Minnesota Historical Society^ '913, '^'ol. xvi. part i. 
