326 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
chimpanzee or gorilla than that of a human being. By 
the time this tooth was discovered I had come to the 
conclusion, for reasons which will be given in another 
chapter, that a massive human and not a projecting and 
simian canine had really been present. In that I was 
mistaken, but as regards the actual dimensions of the 
tooth my estimate was approximately right. I allowed 
lo mm. for the longest (front-to-back) diameter ; it proved 
to be II mm. Dr Smith Woodward had represented it 
as 14*5 mm. In the chief point, however, Dr Smith 
Woodward was right ; the simian chin was correlated 
with a simian canine tooth. 
As will be seen from figs. 106 and 107, Dr Smith 
Woodward made the muzzle and front teeth of Eoan- 
thropus wider and more massive than in the chimpanzee. 
He made the region of the chin and symphysis — the 
anterior line of fusion of the two halves of the mandible— 
particularly strong (fig. 108). The symphyseal areas of 
union or fusion between the two sides of the mandible 
are stippled in figs. 108 and 109. In the Piltdown 
mandible this area, as restored by Dr Smith Woodward, 
is even greater than in the chimpanzee. While the 
teeth implanted in the front part of the mandible and 
the symphyseal region are truly simian, the hinder part 
of the mandible, the molar teeth, and also the ascending 
branch or ramus, are, to my eye, entirely human. We 
have thus in this newly discovered form of man a 
remarkable mixture of simian and human characters. 
One other feature may be pointed out here. It will 
be observed in fig. 103 that the greater part of the last 
molar or wisdom tooth lies behind the anterior margin of 
the ascending ramus of the jaw, being thus hid from view. 
In the Australian jaw (shown in the same figure), as is 
usually the case in man and apes, this tooth lies wholly 
in front of the ramus and is freely exposed. The Pilt- 
down ascending ramus is remarkably wide (44 mm.), and 
its width is evidently due to a forward extension of its 
anterior border. On the anterior border is inserted the 
temporal muscle, the chief agent in biting or in suddenly 
