EOANTHROPUS DAWSONl 329 
Smith Woodward estimated that the brain capacity of 
Eoanthropus was about 1070 c.c. In this new form of 
man the palato-cerebral ratio is therefore about i : 24. 
This ratio holds an intermediate position between that of 
the chimpanzee (1:8) and that of modern Englishmen 
(i : s^). We appear, therefore, to be dealing with a very 
primitive form of man — one which, so far as concerns its 
development of palate and of brain, supplies us with a stage 
half-way between ape and man. In modern native races 
the palato-cerebral ratio may be as low as i : 36-7. In 
the Gibraltar skull, as we have seen,^ the ratio is i -.38. 
We have already noted that the front teeth of this new 
form of man and the region of the chin are essentially 
ape-like — quite different to any known form of human 
being. The humanity of this being, however, becomes 
more and more apparent as the mandible is followed 
backwards and upwards to its socket at the base of the 
skull. The socket is robust and massive, but its con- 
formation is absolutely that seen in the more primitive of 
modern human races. When Dr Smith Woodward came 
to fit the fragments of the skull together, he found that 
the parts were human in form and must be fitted together 
as in modern human skulls. The shape which the re- 
constructed head of Eoanthropus took in his hands is 
shown in a series of figures (figs, m, 113, and 115). 
Students of anatomy will at once recognise the peculiar 
features of this newly discovered form of man ; but in 
order that those who have not made a special study of 
man's body may also have a standard for comparison, 
corresponding drawings of the skull of a modern 
Englishman are reproduced here so as to be available 
for comparison. The Englishman chosen has a brain 
capacity of 1425 c.c. — 60 less than the average amount. 
The walls of his brain case have an average thickness of 
6 mm., whereas in Eoanthropus the thickness is quite 
10 mm. along the vault. Both skulls have been poised 
on the same horizontal plane — one which approximately 
indicates the lower limits of the cerebrum. The higher 
1 See p. 151. 
