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THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
from above downwards. All known members of the 
race have their heads shaped thus. In fig. 122 is given 
an occipital view of the Gibraltar skull — the smallest 
of all the Neanderthal skulls yet discovered, the size 
of the brain cast being approximately 1 150 c.c. Whereas 
the Piltdown skull almost fills the square in which it is 
placed (fig. 102), the Gibraltar skull falls far short as 
regards height. In its width the Gibraltar skull is only 
Fig. 122. — Occipital aspect of the Gibraltar skull, to show the manner in which 
Neanderthal skulls appear to be compressed from above downwards. 
5 or 6 mm. less than the Piltdown, but as regards height 
it is 18 mm. less. In this feature of the skull — 
platycephaly it is called — the Neanderthal species re- 
sembled anthropoid apes. Two drawings of the occipital 
aspect of a young gorilla and of a j uvenile chimpanzee will 
serve to illustrate this point (fig. 123). The skull of the 
chimpanzee is more platycephalic than that of the gorilla. 
In shape of head the Piltdown race resembled modern 
races of mankind. 
