372 
THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 
in strong and prominent external angular processes. The 
zygomatic arches projected outwards, coming clearly into 
view when the skull is looked at from above. The great 
increase in the length and width of the cranial cavity in 
Neanderthal skulls renders those brutal features much 
less apparent than in the chimpanzee. There is another 
simian feature in the shape of the Neanderthal cranial 
cavity. In Neanderthal man we have seen that the brain 
cavity was compressed from above downwards, as in 
anthropoid apes. It will also be noted, if one surveys 
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Fig. 135. — A. The vault of a Neanderthal skull, showing the simian form of 
eyebrow ridges. B. The vault of a modern skull, showing well-developed 
eyebrow ridges of the type usual in present-day races, and also an asym- 
metrical condition in the region of the bregma, as in the Piltdown skull. 
the vault of the chimpanzee's skull from front to back, 
that the cranial cavity increases in width until almost the 
occipital region is reached ; then it contracts abruptly. 
The same configuration may be noted in Neanderthal 
skulls. The significance of this feature is not known, 
but it is a simian character which is absent in the skulls 
of modern man and also in the Piltdown specimen. In 
these skulls the greatest width is reached above the 
region of the ear, some distance in front of the occiput 
(compare A and B in fig. 135). 
In modern skulls the dimensions of the supra-orbital 
