HEADS IN PROFILE 391 
brain cast, taken from the interior of my earlier re- 
construction of the Piltdown skull, measured a little over 
1500 C.C., but in my earlier reconstructions I reproduced 
the wide forehead seen in Dr Smith Woodward's model. 
When a reduction is made on this account, and also 
because of an overestimate in length, the capacity of the 
skull of Eoanthropus may be safely calculated as reaching 
1400 c.c, an amount equal to the average capacity of 
modern Europeans. If Dr Smith Woodward and I are 
right as regards sex, then in the male of the Piltdown 
race we may expect to find a brain capacity of at least 
1550 c.c. That result is perhaps surprising when we 
take the simian characters of the lower jaw attributed 
to this skull into account, and still more unexpected 
to those who suppose man's evolution has been a 
consecutive and continuous series of steps upwards to 
his present estate. We must not infer that the facts are 
wrong — it is more likely our preconceptions which are at 
fault. 
So far, we have confined our attention to a general 
survey of the Piltdown head in profile and satisfied our- 
selves that we are dealing with one which falls easily, 
so far as dimensions are concerned, within the modern 
standard. To appreciate its peculiar features we must go 
further afield and see how it compares with other ancient 
types, such as those found at Galley Hill, at La Chapelle- 
aux-Saints, and at Trinil in Java. In fig. 144 are set side 
by side, within squares of exactly the same size, the 
three skulls just named, with the skull of Eoanthropus 
for comparison. The skull from Galley Hill we may 
dismiss with a brief note. It represents the modern type 
of man, and from the analysis just given it will be seen 
to have many points in common with the skull of 
Eoanthropus. As may be observed in fig. 144, there are 
also many structural points in which they differ. The 
La Chapelle skull is the largest of the Neanderthal type 
yet discovered. The big brain which once filled it was 
living, thinking, and dreaming dreams before the last bout 
of the glacial period held Central Europe in its grip. 
