THE TEETH OF FOSSIL MAN 
475 
roots are curved and well separated, assuming a form 
which may be seen in the mandibles of the more primitive 
races of modern man. The spread and curvature of the 
roots is rather less than in the chimpanzee. The third 
molar is unfortunately missing, but its socket is evident. 
The appearance of the socket of this tooth, as revealed 
in the skiao^ram, at first led me to infer that the mandible 
MODERN 
KRAPINA. 
HEIDELBERG, 
Fit'.. 175. — Skiagrams of the three lower molars of a modern European, of 
EoatUhropiis, of a Krapina (Neanderthal) individual, and of the Heidelberg 
must be that of a young adult in which the third molar 
tooth was not fully erupted — the crown had not quite 
reached the chewing level. A closer examination of the 
actual specimen has shown that there are no good grounds 
for supposing that the third molar had not come into use. 
As in anthropoids, the roots of the last Piltdown molar 
reached the dental canal (fig. 174). That is also the case 
in the Heidelberg mandible, and occasionally this con- 
dition also occurs in the mandibles of modern races. 
