HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
107 
H. filipjevi sp. n. (13 1) is a small species that differs considerably from the preceding and possibly has fWpjeci. 
a relationship with the subsequent species. Forewings pale yellowish white dusted with dull grey, most dense¬ 
ly so in the basal and central areas and before the subterminal line; the stigmata are pale and only the reni- 
form stigma is slightly dusted with grey. The 2 dentate grey transverse lines are simple and with a pale edge 
on averted sides (ground colour is not dusted). The subterminal line is similar, it is situated very close to the 
margin, there are very faint rusty yellowish streaks along the cell and submedian fold; fringes are faintly 
checked. Hindwings grey-brown, somewhat darker than forewings and with white fringes. Pamir (Chorog). 
H. musculina Stgr. is not identical with the species mentioned by Warren in the Main Volume on musculina. 
p. 87, pi. 20 g, which we have previously reclassified as hyrcana. Standinger classified his musculina close 
to caesia which certainly was incorrect. It is a small species, faintly ashy grey with dark black-grey discal 
area, which is enclosed by faint transverse lines; basal area is slightly darker; the stigmata paler, orbicular 
stigma inclined to be oval, reniform stigma with darker centre; marginal area faintly darker without a distinct 
subterminal line; fringes pale impure yellowish with dark dividing line, in the outer half there are dusky checks. 
Hindwings uniform grey-black with yelloxvish fringes, which are faintly divided by dark patches. Described 
from Malatia. — mayeri Wgnr. (13 1) is possibly the same, but may be a local form with plain fringes; discal mayeH. 
area is deeper black which however may be due to the freshness of the specimen that has recently been described. 
The only known type of musculina is now nearly 50 years old; mayeri is described from Akshehir in Asia Minor. 
It will only be possible to take a decision in regard to these 2 forms when fresh material is available. 
H. luteago Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 b) cannot be separated from Harmodia if one takes the build luteago. 
and biology into consideration. Already in 1919 Edelsten and Pierce have proved that luteago and barrettii 
were 2 separate species. Recently Wightman and Rayward have checked this assertion with the same result 
and finally Tams lias discovered from examination of the genitalia of andalusica that this latter species is 
identical with barrettii. It is difficult to classify the dark luteago forms: argillacea can scarcely be separated 
from barrettii. Generally one can say that the luteago forms are all more or less pronounced ochreous to orange 
yellow and brown, whilst the andalusica forms have a more or less olive-grey or olive-brown colouration. - 
nigricans Wgnr. is a striking form with heavy blackish shading and almost completely black hindwings; it is nigricans. 
a local race from S. Dalmatia. - olbiena Hb.-G. on the other hand is a striking pale unicoloured form. Speci- olbiena. 
mens from Algeria closely approach argillacea ; the pale yellowish colouration with wide brown central area 
of “Y” shape, which is interrupted by the pale stigmata, is characteristic for specimens from the Lebanon. 
H. andalusica Stgr. (13 b) is separable from luteago by the genitalia ( andalusica has a short hook with andalusica. 
a wide base, luteago a long thin spine on penis) it is very difficult to describe the difference in words; andalusica 
is generally inclined to olive-brown or olive-grey ground colour and if it is yellowish then it is a more buff- 
yellow, whilst in the Spanish name type it is inclined to be glossy bronze. A further characteristic, which however 
is not absolutely constant, is a black longitudinal streak along the under edge of the clavifonn stigma to the 
postmedian line. This is absent in the great majority of luteago specimens although occasionally it does actually 
occur. — gedrensis Schaw. is an especially dark form from the E. Pyrenees which however has a bright admix- gedrensis. 
ture of yellowish tones forming a nice contrast. — dignensis Turner from Digne is inclined to be a dull orange dignensis. 
colour on forewings which is heavily suffused with grey, both stigmata are reddish yellow, the " Y ’' shape mark 
in central area is dark brown with a similar triangular patch between the stigmata. - pallida Zerny is a dull 'pallida. 
yellowish grey-brown form with indistinct markings from Albarracin. — subsp. barrettii Dbld. is an english barrettii. 
island form of which a number have been kindly sent to me by Mr. Wightman. It is extraordinarily variable 
and differs chiefly from mainland forms by the increased interspersion of whitish scales: consequently the 
glossy bronze colour of the latter is not so apparent. — ficklitli Tuft is a form from Cornwall which has a ficklini. 
greater suffusion of olive or bluish grey shades, whilst lowei Tutt is more ochreous yellowish reminding one lowci. 
somewhat of E. ochroleuca. From Guernsey. Specimens however also occur which are a deeper blackish or 
with and without the pale cuneiform mark. The size varies considerably. Accoi'ding to Wightman' s investi¬ 
gations andalusica also occurs in Amasia! The larvae live in the root of Silene maritima, but probably also 
in inf lata and Spergularia rupestris. 
H. literata F. d. W. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 a) is a genuine species closely related to luteago but larger than Uterata. 
same. The illustration shows too much contrast in the colour, it should be a more monotonous buff-yellow 
olive-grey, the wing contour should be slightly more elongated, the apex more protracted. 
H. zerny sp. n. (13 b) is relatively close to literata. It is of the same size but with wider wings and less zerny i. 
protracted apex, resembling somewhat the illustration of suffusa (Vol. 3, pi. 16 b). The genitalia are also very 
similar but distinctly different. Forewings with whitish ground densely peppered with brown and marked 
as in literata ; transverse lines are distinctly double, from the subbasal 2 distinct parallel black streaks below 
the mediana, the cell and the large claviform stigma filled with dark black-brown; orbicular stigma and the 
very large pale cuneiform mark below same are almost whitish, reniform stigma very wide, quadrate, both 
