186 
APAMEA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
pallescens- 
albo- 
(maculata). 
paludis. 
paludis- 
flavo- 
(maculata). 
grisea. 
grisea- 
flavo- 
(maculata). 
intermedia- 
flavo- 
(maculata). 
rufa- 
flavo- 
maculata. 
brunnea- 
flavo- 
(maculata) 
obseura. 
anomala. 
hicens. 
Generally it has a yellow reniform stigma, hut also occurs with white — pallescens-albo (maculata) Heydem. 
This is the commonest and most widely distributed race in Asia, extending to the Amur. — subsp. paludis Tutt 
(Vol. 3, pi. 46 b) is barely larger than nictitans, but has narrower wings and is differently coloured with less 
extended apex to forewings. The name type, which we are again illustrating (22 a) is pale yellowish grey with 
narrow white reniform stigma, which towards the base is obliquely compressed by the ground colour, so that 
occasionally only a fine crescent with dusky grey nebular surround remains. Marginal area clearer, whitish 
yellow-grey, the lines delicately grey-brownish. -— paludis-flavo(maculata) Tutt has a narrow pale to golden 
yellow reniform stigma, whilst the orbicular stigma, in contrast to oculea and nictitans, is scarcely discernible 
in the ground colour. —• grisea Tutt is still more grey with impure olive hue in central area and more especially 
around the reniform stigma. — grisea-flavo (maculata) Tutt has a yellow-brown reniform stigma. — intermedia 
Tutt and intermedia-flavo (maculata) Tutt are brighter buff to ochreous yellowish with narrow white or yellow 
stigmata and smaller than continental specimens. —- rufa Heydem. and rufa-fiavomaculata Heydem. are pale 
brownish specimens, often with ochreous tone around the stigmata, paler in marginal area and with almost 
rufous suffusion. — brunnea Tutt and brunrsea-flavo (maculata) Tutt are chestnut-brown to dull brown in tone, 
often paler violet-grey in marginal area, as is shown in the illustration in Vol. 3, pi. 46; the narrow reniform 
stigma is white or red-orange. —- obseura Heydem. is deep chocolate-brown without a reddish tone, with very 
narrow streak-like reniform stigma. Besides occurring in England, paludis is found on the north Frisian Is¬ 
lands. The only safe distinction for fucosa and its forms is ascertainable from the genitalia. The lower branch 
of the harpe is long, does not, however, extend beyond the anal angle of the cucullus. Corona only to halfway 
of outer margin, the row of spines from anal angle to centre of inner surface, f ucosa with its forms is distributed 
over entire central Europe, eastwards to Kamschatka, the Amur and W. China, southwards to the french 
Riviera and the Caucasus. The species occurs from mid July to end of August, both in moist and dry districts. 
There is nothing certain to be said in regard to the larva. As to — anomala Krul. which is said to be a nictitans 
form with grey or grey-brown forewings with ochreous yellow or orange-red reniform stigmata, the classification 
seems doubtful. I presume it is the grisea form of paludis, which in such a case would become synonymous. 
From Ufa. 
A. lucens Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 224) is now illustrated from a specimen selected by Reydemann (22 a). The 
species is the rarest of the european group and only occurs on highland heath moors. The degree of variation 
is less great than in the two preceding species. It cannot be differentiated outwardly from certain forms of 
fucosa Frr. and crinanensis Burr., but brown and reddish brown forms are the rule and such pale specimens 
as the typical fucosa or pallescens do not seem to occur. The more common type of the species is red-brown, 
paler violet-grey in postmedian area, with wide dark brown interrupted median shade and fairly distinct lines 
and markings, with large almost complete orange-red reniform. When the latter is white, it is denominated ■— 
lucens-albo (maculata) Tutt (22 a). The stigma seems to be obliquely cut off towards the base and is narrow 
and suffused with the ground colour. —- brunnea n. coll, and brunnea-albo(maculata) n. coll, denote brown to 
dark brown specimens without the red tone in central area and generally with quite dark grey hindwings and 
pale reddish ochreous fringes. — intermedia Tutt and — intermedia-albo (maculata) Tutt are the palest forms, 
impure, pale leathery buff, basal and marginal areas greyish white to pale nebular violet-grey, reniform stigma 
ochreous yellow, rarely white. •— grisea Tutt (22 a.) and grisea-albo(maculata) Tutt are grey-brown to grey- 
buff forms, which are also greyish white to pale violet-grey at apex and in postmedian area. This is a. rare form. 
-— obseura Tutt are melanic deep reddish black to violet-brown forms with blackish lines and almost com¬ 
pletely grey-black hindwings and orange-red reniform stigmata. Generally speaking can only be differentiated 
by an examination of the genitalia. In the <$ a more pointed anal angle of the valves with isolated brush of 
spines which does not extend to centre; corona spines to % of outer margin; the lower branch of the harpe 
is curved and visibly extends beyond anal angle. In the $ the most definite characteristic is the ovipositor 
with long, sleek, only slightly rounded points. The species occurs from mid July to end of August on high 
lying moorlands. In England it only occurs in the north, in Scotland, Wales and Ireland. It spreads over the 
entire northern Europe to central Sweden and south Finland, southwards to S. Bavaria, eastwards to the 
Urals. It is surmised that Molinia coerulea is the food plant of the larva. 
A. crinanensis Burr. <£■ Pierce (22 b). This species cannot be differentiated by superficial appearances 
from red-brown fucosa and lucens, but only by the genitalia. A description is therefore superfluous. The nom- 
ino type is pale reddish brown with darker median area. Reniform and orbicular stigmata orange. — pal¬ 
lida Burr, and pallida-flavo Burr, are pale yellowish grey with white or yellow stigmata. ■— rufescens-flavo 
Burr, is dusky red with dark orange reniform stigma. -—- rufescens-albo Burr, identical but with white stigma. 
— grisescens-flavo Burr, is grey-red with yellow stigma. — grisescens-albo Burr, the same with white stigma. 
— castanea-flavo Burr, dark crimson-brown specimens with yellow stigma. — castanea-albo Burr, the same 
with white stigma. •—• nigrescens-albo Burr, blackish red-brown with white stigma; crinanensis is generally 
nigrescent- smaller than lucens: wing expanse: 29.5—35 mm. In the the valve has a cucullus completely covered with 
a/bo. S pj neg aiK j no harpe, the valve itself is narrow. The $ has a deeply split vaginal plate. The species is only 
found in Ireland, Scotland and N. England, rarely in single specimens in Denmark, North Sleswig, Sweden 
and S. Finland; Esthland, the Baikal territory and Thian-shan. The larva is grey-white, occasionally reddish 
lucens albo- 
(maculata). 
brunnea. 
brunnea- 
albo- 
(maculata). 
intermedia- 
albo- 
(maculata). 
grisea- 
albo- 
(maculata). 
obseura. 
crina¬ 
nensis. 
pallida-flavo. 
rufescens-flavo. 
rufescens-albo. 
grisescens- 
flavo. 
grisescens-albo. 
castanea-flavo. 
castanea-albo. 
