214 
CATOCALA. By Dr. M. Dratidt. 
sultana. 
lucasi. 
deserta. 
kusnezovi. 
kuangtun- 
gensis. 
greyi. 
omphale. 
tschiliensis. 
thomsoni. 
moltrechii. 
pataloides. 
vallantini. 
leucomelas. 
obscura. 
subterminal is edged by a distinct black zigzag line. There is a dark oblique streak below the apex. Hindwings 
fairly pale red, the black marginal band is dentated inwards on vein 2 and at submedian is almost completely 
interrupted by red. Apex and fringes white. The central band gradually contracts from costa to vein 1. it is 
never angulated. Wing expanse: 60 mm. Baigacum (Syr Darja), June. It differs from timur by the black 
basal streak and the curved narrow central band of hindwings. 
C. sultana B.-H. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 56 c) should be deleted, it is identical with optata selecta Bsdv. 
(Vol. 3, p. 310). 
G. optata God. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 56 e). — lucasi Vincent, described from France, resembles selecta 
and has abdomen suffused with red. It is not so large, markings are less definite and the carmine red is not 
so vivid. 
C. pacta L. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 54 f). — deserta Kozh. differs from the typical pacta by its larger size 
(50—52 mm) and brown instead of black markings. The reniform stigma is also brown. From Minussinsk. 
C. kusnezovi Pglr. is closely related to optima (Vol. 3, p. 309, pi. 56-b), differing by the obtusely den¬ 
tate post-median that extends in an acute angle at top towards the margin, forming a large flat curve towards 
the base. Over the inner margin it again forms an acute angle towards the base. It is smaller than optima, 
with purer darker grey forewings and deeper red hindwings. It is also somewhat like timur, but more of a 
brownish grey and hindwings are a paler brick-red colour. Wing expanse: 46 mm. Syr Darja (Baigacum); 
Kuldja. 
C. kuangtungensls Melt on the upperside of forewings resembles deuteronympha, dark olive, darker than 
in pataloides , the 5 pale spots on costa, dusted with black. The arched central pale band is the more distinct 
of the two, it is conjoined with the whitish spot below the reniform stigma, but does not extend to the inner 
margin. The pale post-median streak is only distinct at costa. Hindwings yellow, the black “O" shaped band 
only touches in its inner part, the end of the long submarginal band. A black submarginal spot faintly con¬ 
joined by dark scales at the anal angle to the long anterior part of the submarginal band and the inner edge 
of the “O" shaped band. Length of forewings: 31.4 mm. N. Kwangtung. 
G. deuteronympha Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 63 c). — greyi Stgr. is not- synonymous, but a form that 
lias considerably wider bands on hindwings. Ussuri, Sutshansk. — omphale Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 63 e) is 
also merely a form with almost completely black hindwings on which only a narrow vestige of yellow is 
retained. This is the japanese form. — tschiliensis 0. B.-H. in contrast to the preceding form has a much 
narrower central black band to hindwings. Forewings dark grey with an oblique pale central band. From the 
Chingan mountains (Chihli). 
C. thomsoni A. E. Prout is very similar t-o deuteronympha , but- has shorter and wider forewings. The 
dark marking on vein 5 beyond the reniform stigma is more extended. The dark shading posterior t-o the 
post-median is absent. Postmedian and subterminal more heavily edged outwardly with ochreous. Central 
band of hindwings is much narrower and the marginal band is similarly contracted at terminals of radial 
nervules. Anal fold has scarcely any or no dark hairs. The last segment of palpi is distinctly shorter and 
also thicker and blunter than in deuteronympha. Wing expanse: 56—63 mm. Tientsin, N. China in June. 
C. moltrechii O. B.-H. is close to proxeneta Alph. (erroneously printed as “ proxenes ” in Vol. 3, pi. 63 c). 
Ground colour of forewings brownish with a tinge of violet. Basal area almost black, a distinct small ringlet 
below the reniform stigma, whilst in proxeneta this is a diffuse pale patch. A dark triangular patch in the 
centre of inner margin, touching the basal area. Hindwings with a small isolated central spot and a wide, 
slightly curved central band, parallel to the marginal band. Wing expanse: 40 mm. S. Ussuri, Sutshansk 
in July. 
C. pataloides Mell. The hindwings remind one most of patala (Vol. 3, p. 312, pi. 56 d) but the fore¬ 
wings are quite different. The apex is more pointed, the entire wing narrower, with mossy green scales, 
greenish grey-brown transverse bands. Small pale spots on costa, of which 2 at base and 3 between centre 
and apex are longer. The dark anterior transverse line is equidistant from base on costa and at inner margin. 
Reniform stigma is obsolete, below it there is a roundish oval pale yellow or brownish spot. The dark post¬ 
median is indistinct and only slightly dentate, only behind the cell is there a dentation projecting outwards. 
Hindwings yellow as in patala, but the black is more extensive. In the marginal area there is a roundish apical 
yellow spot, with similar but narrower elongate spots in the pre-anal and anal regions. A longish yellow costal 
spot from the yellow postmedian band and 3 roundish yellow spots in the posterior half of the wing. In the 
basal area there are yellow longitudinal streaks in the median and anal areas, the latter being narrower. Length 
of forewings: 30—32.3 mm. N. Kwangtung in subtropical forests. It rests on the tree trunks with its head 
downwards. 
C. nymphagoga Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 312, pi. 56 f). — vallantini Obth. and as a synonym: — defasciata Stertz. 
Oberthur claims specific rank for his vallantini , but it is certainly only a subspecies, which is connected with 
the very variable nymphagoga by all grades of transition. — leucomelas Obth. are very dark, almost black 
specimens with white subterminal bands. From N. Tunis. — obscura Dhl. comes between fasciata and anthra- 
cita; the ground colour is deeper, the pale patches being uniformly duskily suffused, but the basal area is 
pale grey and the marking of the lines is distinct. The type comes from Torbole. 
