COPEPODA. 
3 
Monstrilla granclis (49°), Oithona similis (52°), Paracalanus parvus (52°), Rhincalanus 
nasutus (52°), R. gigas (65° 42'), Scolecithrix minor (46° 46'). 
This list contains a striking number of forms which are usually associated with 
more temperate regions, and, as Dr. Giesbrecht remarks, the failure in agreement with 
the pelagic species of the ‘ Belgica ’ is very striking, for only two species are common 
to all collections. Comparing it with the results of the ‘ Discovery ’ the same 
extraordinary differences are manifest, only four species ( C. propinquus, C. simillimus, 
Clausocalanus arcuicornis, Oithona similis ) being common to both collections. 
In the £ Gauss ’ collections, in the area between Kerguelen and the Winter Station, 
appear a great number of species in excess of those either of the ‘ Belgica ’ or 
£ Discovery.’ Whereas in the £ Belgica ’ collection occur thirty species, of which nine¬ 
teen only are pelagic, in the £ Discovery ’ collection are twenty-four species of pelagic 
Copepoda; but in the £ Gauss ’ collection this number is more than doubled, and a 
number of species occur even in the collections made round about the Winter Station 
which are not entirely Antarctic, but extend a long way northwards through the 
deeper waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and have been brought there probably by southern 
currents. The species determined, however, show but little agreement with the list 
enumerated above. 
The very extensive number of species captured by the £ Gauss ’ naturalists is 
probably due to the fact that the tow-nets were used at much greater depths than in the 
case of either the £ Belgica’ or £ Discovery.’ In the former, 500 metres appears to have 
been the limit, whereas in the latter the collections may be considered to be practically 
surface collections. If the tow-net had been used at the depths it was employed on 
the £ Gauss,’ viz., to 3,000 metres, the agreement between the respective captures 
might certainly have been greater, and the number of species taken greatly 
increased. 
In the £ Gauss ’ collections appear only six species which agree with any of 
the species referred to above (viz., Aetideus armatus, Calanus propinquus and C. 
simillimus, Clausocalanus arcuicornis, Oithona similis, Lucicutia fiavicornis), and when 
it is remembered that in the £ Belgica ’ collection there are only two species, and in the 
£ Discovery ’ only four species, of the twenty-seven species enumerated by Giesbrecht 
which are in agreement, the conclusion is inevitable either that the captures made by 
the expeditions mentioned were unusual, or that the identification of species has in some 
instances been erroneous. That unusual species do appear in these areas, even close to 
the ice, is shown by the occurrence in the £ Gauss ’ Antarctic collections of Corycoeus 
speciosus, Sapphirina metallina, Aetideus armatus, Labidocera acutifrons, Undeuchoeta 
major, Arietellus setosus, and others; and in the ‘Discovery’ collection in Lat. 56° 
31'S., Long. 156° 19' 30" occurred Eucalanus subtenuis, and in Lat. 49° 40'S., and 
Long. 172° 18' 30" W., Pleuromamma gracilis, several young Candace, Euchoetci 
marina, and Centropages violaceus, which belong undoubtedly to a subtropical or 
warm temperate area, and are to be regarded as accidental. 
VOL. IV. 
K 
