6 
R. NORRIS WOLFENDEN. 
N. Polar. 
S. Polar. 
Gaidius tenuispinus') 
„ Irevispinusy 
replaced by 
G. tenuispinus 
„ major 
„ antarcticus 
Microcalanus pusillus (= Pseudo- 
M. pusillus 
calanus pygmccus) 
Heterorrlialdus norwegicus 
replaced by 
IT. austrinus 
„ compactus 
„ longicornis 
Euclueta norwegica 
replaced by 
E. antarctica 
,, glacialis 
., austrina 
„ lari at a 
„ similis 
Haloptilus spinifrons 
replaced by 
H. ocellatus 
„ spiniceps . 
Spinocalanus longicornis 
replaced by 
S. antarcticus 
Undeuchceta spectalilis 
replaced by 
U. major 
Oithona similis 
replaced by 
0. similis 
„ lielgolandica 
M curvata 
_ conifera 
,, conifera 
„ notopus 
„ notopus 
„ frigida 
In the North Polar Sea, as Prof. Sars remarks, besides the few distinctly Arctic 
species are many which extend southwards to the warmer seas, and the North Polar 
basin copepod fauna has a pronounced resemblance to that of the North Atlantic 
basin, the greater number of species being common to both, and some deep-water forms 
of the Norwegian Sea are often surface forms in the North Polar basin. A few forms 
regarded as quite southern also occur in the North Polar Sea. 
So far as the distribution can be followed from the £ Gauss ’ collections, it may be 
said that, of the typical Antarctic fauna its representatives diminish gradually to latitude 
40° S. (i.e. about the latitude of St. Paul and New Amsterdam) north of which they do 
not appear, but extend westwards to those stations situated directly south and westward 
to 10° E. as a limit of the Cape of Good Hope, north of which no typically Antarctic 
species appears. 
North of Kerguelen, i.e. 50° S. lat., no Antarctic species appear to extend, while the 
typically subtropical species of the Indian Ocean extend as far south as latitude 30° S., 
where their southern extension appears to be arrested. There is thus a barrier between 
lat. 40° and 50° S. and between long. 10° and 80° E. as indicated by the £ Gauss ’ 
collections, at which extension northwards of Antarctic species and southwards of Indian 
Ocean subtropical species is prevented, or at any rate, does not occur. While the same 
collections indicate that the Antarctic species extend northwards into the Atlantic Ocean 
in gradually diminishing numbers, only as far as lat. 40° S., north of which they do not 
occur, a few typically Atlantic deep-water species find their way into the Antarctic Sea 
(such are Ileterorrhabdus profundus, Labidocera acutifrons, Metridia princeps, Lucicutia 
grandis, Gaidius major, Arietellus setosus ). 
Until the £ Gauss ’ collections are fully examined it is of course rash to say that no 
