123 
of Edinburgh , £mAml869-70. 
men who had deserted him, that Livingstone had been murdered 
near the south end of the lake. This report, however, was dis¬ 
credited by the head of the Eoyal Geographical Society, and a boat 
expedition sent out by the Society, under the leadership of Mr 
Young, confirmed the opinion of its untruth. 
From his more recent letters, we learn that Livingstone passed 
round the southern end of Lake Nyassa, where he seems to have 
struck into nearly the old route of Lacerda and Monteiro, along 
the water parting between the tributaries of the Zambezi and the 
Nyassa. 
Passing at a distance of about twenty miles to westward of Cliin- 
yanga, the furthest point which he had reached in his excursion of 
1863 from Nyassa, he got into the valley of the Loangwa or Arangoa. 
The greater part of Livingstone’s subsequent route is contained in 
his letter of date July 1868. In this he says—“ Leaving the valley 
of the Loangwa, which enters the Zambezi at Zumbo, we climbed 
up what seemed to be a great mountain mass, but it turned out to 
be only the southern edge of an elevated region, which is from 
3000 to 6000 feet above the sea. This upland may be roughly 
stated to cover a space south of Tanganyika of some 350 miles 
square. It slopes to north and west, but I have found no part of 
it under 3000 feet of altitude. The country of Usango, situated 
east of the space indicated, is also an upland. . . . Usango forms 
the eastern side of a great but still elevated valley. The other, or 
western side, is formed by what are called the Ivone Mountains, 
beyond the copper mountains of Katanga.” 
Livingstone continues—“ The southern end of the great valley, 
enclosed between Usango and the Kone Mountains, is between 11° 
and 12° south. In 11° 6' south, ascending from the valley of the 
Arangoa, we were fairly on the upland.” This was perhaps in 
January 1867, or about the middle of the rainy season here. He 
writes—-“As we advanced, brooks, evidently perennial, became 
numerous. Some of these brooks went eastward, to fall into the 
Loangwa; others went north-west, to join the Chambeze.” The 
Chambeze, with all its branches, flows from the eastern side into 
the centre of the great upland valley, “which,” says Livingstone, 
“ is probably the valley of the Nile. It is an interesting river, 
helping to form three lakes, and changing its name three times in 
