216 
FIFTH REPORT.- 1835. 
early period after death the irregularity is such as to justify the 
appellation of mammillonee which Louis has applied to it, whilst 
in the flaccid and long dead, and even in the recent stomach pro¬ 
vided the secretions of the organ have acted upon the lining 
membrane, every trace of it is nearly or quite obliterated. I have 
observed the former or strongly marked state in the stomach of 
young persons in whom the idea of a chronic gastritis was inad¬ 
missible. At the same time I would observe that differences in 
the visibility and permanence of this irregularity of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach are met with to a sufficient extentto 
induce me to believe that stomachs differ among themselves in 
this respect independently of their being recently dead or having 
been engaged in digestion at the time of death. When the irre¬ 
gularities in question are strongly and permanently marked they 
may be regarded as the result of a real hypertrophy, since the 
membrane is not only firmer but thicker. This hypertrophy 
may often result from the use of certain kinds of food, but it 
seems also to be induced by other causes which occasion a de¬ 
termination of blood to the stomach. Thus, I have repeatedly 
met with it in stomachs which have been the seat of long-stand¬ 
ing ulceration, even in those parts which do not appear to have 
the least participated in that state. I have also seen it in seve¬ 
ral cases in which haemoptysis had repeatedly taken place \ and I 
observe in the last fasciculus published by my friend Dr. Cars¬ 
well, the representation of a part of the stomach of a person who 
had laboured under this affection which tends to confirm the re¬ 
mark which I have now made. 
The last third or pyloric portion of the horse’s stomach, like 
the middle, presents a somewhat uneven surface, but the eleva¬ 
tions are much less both in height and extent. In fact it readily 
assumes almost an even surface, it is generally paler, and the mu¬ 
cus which lubricates its surface is less adherent and tenacious. I 
have sometimes seen indications of a very distinct follicular ap¬ 
paratus in this part. The human stomach, like that of the horse, 
generally becomes much less distinctly granular or uneven to¬ 
wards the pyloric extremity, and indications of a follicular ap¬ 
paratus may sometimes be seen, though I confess they are gene¬ 
rally very equivocal. As I have taken some pains to discover 
how the human stomach is circumstanced with respect to folli¬ 
cular appendages, and as the subject is one on which I am per¬ 
suaded a diversity of opinion exists, I shall take the liberty of 
making a further digression in order to say a few words respect¬ 
ing it. By some the existence of follicles is denied, by others 
certain appearances are regarded as indications of follicles 
