THE ORANGE. 
10,3 
grape vine, leaving a leaf attached to each; place them in well 
drained pots or pans in soil as mentioned before, and treat them 
the same as recommended for cuttings. Grafting or inarching 
is performed the latter end of February or the beginning of March; 
the stocks which are used for this purpose, are generally raised 
from seeds, or cuttings, or eyes, but mostly from seeds. When 
the young stocks are grafted, it is the most certain way to place 
them into moist heat until they have firmly united, then harden¬ 
ing them so as to be placed in the conservatory. Inarching may 
be done about the same time, but does not require the same 
increase of temperature ; after they have firmly united, the scion 
may be partially cut away, the remaining part to be finished in 
about a fortnight afterwards. About the latter end of February 
is the best time to go over the established trees to cut back any 
unsightly shoots, so as to cause the tree to have an uniform round 
head, and the middle of March is a good time to shift those trees 
which require it, or else it must be deferred until they have made 
their first shoot, which will depend upon the house having 
been kept close and warm. As I prefer a little fire applied to the 
house from February to May, I frequently syringe the trees, and 
likewise keep the house moderately moist and warm while they 
are growing, which is easily done if they are cultivated in a house 
by themselves. The soil I prefer for established trees consists 
of good turfy loam, or the top of a pasture field laid by in a heap 
for twelve months, to let the turf get well decomposed, some 
leaf-mould, with a moderate portion of road grit, also a little well- 
rotted cowdung, at least twelve months old, or more; let it be 
well mixed together in the month of January, turning now and 
then to admit the frost and air well into it. The pots, tubs, or 
boxes must be well drained with broken potsherds, charcoal, and 
bones, so that no water may get stagnate about their roots, 
giving them a good soaking of water at their roots frequently 
while growing, and occasionally with liquid manure to vigorous- 
growing trees, but not to those in an unhealthy state; when a large 
tree by chance happens to get into an unhealthy state, or loses 
its roots, which is mostly the case with unhealthy trees, it is the 
best way to head them in closely, wash the old sour soil from 
what few roots remain, then to repot them into as small pots as 
they can be well got in, and use soil consisting of rather a poor 
