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Vol. 24, Wo. 3 
Page 2 
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On commercial forest lands, where timber production has 1st priority clear- 
cu “'?9 ha * been found to reproduce hardwoods of good quality. However oaks 
“ Wi " n0t ba 3 ?'*»*'“»* part of the new stand unlelTth^e U 
sufficient advance reproduction in stems >4.5 feet tall before cutting. Midwest 
oresters have concluded that when an adequately stocked oak stand reaches a 
rodomin! 0 ? dl ? m * ter of 3 in ? hes ; there will be a 30% stocking of dominant and 
codominant oak trees averaging 4.5 inches in diameter. For wildlife we believe 
that a 10% stocking of hickory is also desirable. ’ be " eve 
Wildlife managers should use the following procedures to evaluate the 
existing understory stocking of oaks and hickories before contemplating clear- 
4 U r!n?h Com PV ta !;'°"f bave Sh ° Wn that the m ' n ' mum ar ea requirement for one 
4,5 'J ch , tree ls °-°0l36 acre. Therefore for 30% stocking, 221 (1 f 0.00136 
x . 30 ) oaks are required; for a 10% stocking of hickory, about 75 stems per acre 
are required. Because about 50% of the advance reproduction will die the actual 
tally must be doubled to 440 oak and 1 5 0 hickories >4.5 feet tall pir’acre 
r^nrL, SP r° UtS ^ cons,dered ir » the inventory if there is insufficient advance 
reproduction. Different species vary in sprouting ability; in addition, there 
a variability within each species according to parent stem size (Table 1). 
of J, h V nVent °: y r ? qulre ! 2 slzes of sam Ple Plots, l to ascertain the amount 
reproduction and the other to inventory the number of oak and hickory 
prouts expected after cutting. For determination of advance reproduction the 
p.ot s.ze is 1/735 acre (/,.3-foot radius). This odd site is used be««e^ 
<>.5-Inch-diameter tree takes up l/735th part of an acre. (A fully stocked acre 
stockino°nf*' k 3 Mlo eS Wit l' avera 9 e diameter of A.5 inches.) For 30 % 
sbock *? 9 ,; 0 e oaks f^ 0 stems), 60% of the plots must be stocked with at least 1 
s ocked 5 £ 6t ta K K r° r , IM St ° Ckin9 ° f Mck0r ^ ° f *h. Plo^s must bl 
stocked. The number of plots needed for the inventory is shown in Table 2. 
is 1 / 20 -jlr^A * am P ,e P lo <;f n * ededto inventory the expected number of sprouts 
are itfhl - (2b -33-foot rad '“ s) * AH oak and hickory trees >1.5 inches dbh 
are to be inventoried by species and size class. At least 10, 1/20-acre samples 
f,^ f req V' red ’ but the number varies according to the size of the stand. 
Uniformity of stocking should also be considered. 
20* fl°r h?^ rm ! ne ! !, tk ! percentage stocked equals or exceeds 60% for oaks and 
f0r l ?' ck ° r,es ' divide the number of Stocked plots by the total number of 
plots. If the percentage is less, calculate the number of stump sprouts 
required per acre to make up the needed percentages as follows: for oak, 
5.06 x (60 -computed percentage of stocked plots); for hickory, 5.06 x (20 - 
percentage of stocked plots). y ’ K 
If sufficient oak and hickory reproduction alone or in combination with 
olks P and r hi^k a - 6 Pr -n n J* th ® stand ma V b e clear-cut with an assurance that 
oaks and hickories will be well represented in the new forest. If oak and 
?-c Y ut In7!hInr d K UC J l ? n ^ 6S me6t the Standards outlined above, harvest 
clear cutting should be delayed until advance reproduction builds up in the 
^fortunately the cultural techniques are not well known for either 
genera, but crown development can be enhanced by periodic thinnings. Do not 
reduce overstory density below 70% of full stocking. It may take 10 to 20- 
n!rl?t- be [° re adva, ? Ce re P rod uction reaches the necessary size and density to 
permit clear-cutting. 7 
