PLATE XXXI. 
1. 5. Voluta Nodosa. ( Nodulous Volute .) Ovate ; spire conical, produced, nearly equal length of body, with five 
tumid volutions ; apex acute ; lower volution broad, hollow ; volutions well-defined, with two rows of nodulous spines; 
body, with irregular, obtuse, longitudinal ribs ; shell, crossed by many deep sulci ; aperture oblong, wide in centre, 
narrowed at ends ; columella three-plaited ; outer lip striated within. 
2. V. Depauperata. {Depauperated Volute.) Oblong-ovate ; spire short, snb-turreted, with five volutions, flattened 
above, with series of erect, sub-acute spines ; body longitudinally and unequally ribbed; base acute, with many transverse 
sulci; aperture oblong-ovate, straitened ; columella one-plaited ; outer lip smooth within. 
3. V. Suspensa. {Uncertain Volute.) Ovate; spire, with six or seven volutions, with broad canal round it, and 
with sharp, spinous tubercles; apex acute; each volution with three or four, strong, undulous stria} at base; body 
ventricose above, tapering below, with strongisli ribs, base produced ; aperture elongated, narrow; columella three-plaited ; 
outer lip plain. 
4. V. Geminata. {Double-spined Volute.) Ovate ; ventricose above, acuminated below ; spire short, sub-turreted, 
with five volutions ; apex pointed; with longitudinal prominent ribs and two obtuse spines ; with many, transverse, oblique, 
strong striae ; aperture elongated; columella, with one large and several small curved plaits; outer lip smooth. 
6, 7. V. Lima. {Rasp Volute.) Oblong-ovate ; spire short, with five, sub-turreted volutions, separated by broad, 
deep, spiral canal, with many, longitudinal, dentato-crenated ribs, crossed by wide-set, transverse stria}; upper margin 
of volutions with series of tooth-like spines; aperture elongated, widened at centre ; columella, with three unequal plaits; 
outer lip smooth within, maigiti crenulated. 
8, 11. V. Ambigua. {Ambiguous Volute.) Oblong-ovate; spire short, with five volutions, hollowed above; apex 
pointed ; with irregular, longitudinal ribs, angular above, crossed by many, transverse, undulous sulci; aperture elongated, 
wide at centre, narrowed towards each end; columella three-plaited; outer lip plaited within, gtanulated on edge. 
9,10. V. Luctator. {Wrestler Volute.) Acutely ovate; spire short, conical, with volutions concealed above; with 
tubercular spines ; body, with longitudinal ribs; shell, crossed by man}', transverse, undulous,linear sulci; with longitudinal 
strife ; spire one-third length of body, angular and ventricose above ; upper edge, with obtuse tubercles ; aperture oblong, 
straitened ; outer lip undulous, plain within ; columella three or four-plaited. 
12, 13. V. Dubia. {Dubious Volute.) Oblong-ovate ; spire acute, sub-turreted, with seven volutions ; witlr one 
row of large and one of small spinous tubercles ; apex acute; with broad, flat, transverse sulci and longitudinal ribs ; 
with minute, longitudinal stria}; spire half length of body ; aperture oblong, narrow above, widened at centre, narrow 
towards base ; columella tlureeor more plaited ; outer lip plaited within, crenulated at margin. 
14, 15. V. Athleta. {Champion Volute.) Ovate, ventricose; spire short, conical, with five or six volutions; apex 
acute; with large, spreading, remote, hollow, inflated spines; body smooth, ventricose, with longitudinal, irregular ribs; 
base obscurely sulcated; spire more than one-fourth length of body; aperture oblong, narrowed above, widened at 
centre, narrowed towards base ; columella reflected, with three, unequal plaits; outer lip plain within. 
1G, 17. V. M&gorum. {Magician’s Volute.) Ovate, fusiform; spire conical, two-thirds length of body, with five 
volutions; apex obtuse; with about twelve, narrow ribs; with fine, transverse, obscure strife; aperture oblong-ovate, 
rounded above ; columella, with many plaits; outer lip smooth ; beak short, curved. 
18, 19. V. Spinosa. {Spined Volute.) Acutely ovate; spire conical, with about ten volutions, concave above, 
spirally striate below ; with large, tubercular spines, and a series of smaller ones near their upper edge; apex acute ; 
body ventricose above, tapering suddenly from centre to base ; with series of thick, longitudinal ribs; crossed by transverse, 
obsolete, distant sulci; aperture oblong-ovate ; columella three-plaited ; outer lip plain within. 
20,25. Mitra Scabra. {Rough Mitre.) Ovate, fusiform ; spire with five or six volutions; crossed by many, close, 
sharp, elevated, transverse, rough striie, and by many longitudinal, irregularly elevated, undulating lines of growth; 
aperture fusiform; columella four-plaited, with usually two more slender, nearly obsolete ones above them; outer lip 
irregularly thickened, with blunt, tooth-like process on margin near centre. 
21, 22. V. Costata. {Ribbed Volute.) Ovate, fusiform; spire conical, with six or seven volutions; apex acute, 
with about nine, longitudinal, broad, obtuse ribs; crossed by many, wide, indistinct stria?; columella three-plaited; 
pillar lip reflected on body ; outer lip smooth, thickened by a rib; aperture oblong-ovate, rounded above. 
23 26. M. Pumila. {Dwarf Mitre.) Ovate, fusiform, short; spire with five inflated volutions, crenulated above; 
apex acute; with deep, transverse sulci; decussated by many elevated, longitudinal, equidistant ribs, dividing sulci 
into regular, square meshes; aperture elongated, acute above; columella four-plaited; outer lip plaited within. 
24 27. M. Parva. {Small Mitre.) Ovate, fusiform, short; spire with four, tumid volutions ; with equal, transverse 
sulci; between sulci surface smooth, shining; aperture elongated, straitened above; columella four-plaited; outer lip 
plaited within. Length, \ in. ; diameter, ^ in. 
